Abstract
Abstract Pea ( Pisum sativum L.), a globally cultivated leguminous crop valued for its nutritional and economic significance, faces a critical challenge of soil salinity, which significantly hampers crop growth and production worldwide. A pot experiment was carried out in the Botanical Garden, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur to alleviate the negative impacts of sodium chloride (NaCl) on pea through foliar application of ascorbic acid (AsA). Two pea varieties Meteor (V1) and Sarsabz (V2) were tested against salinity, i.e. 0 mM NaCl (Control) and 100 mM NaCl. Three levels of ascorbic acid 0 (Control), 5 and 10 mM were applied through foliar spray. The experimental design was completely randomized (CRD) with three replicates. Salt stress resulted in the suppression of growth, photosynthetic activity, and yield attributes in pea plants. However, the application of AsA treatments effectively alleviated these inhibitory effects. Under stress conditions, the application of AsA treatment led to a substantial increase in chlorophyll a (41.1%), chl. b (56.1%), total chl. contents (44.6%) and carotenoids (58.4%). Under salt stress, there was an increase in Na + accumulation, lipid peroxidation, and the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). However, the application of AsA increased the contents of proline (26.9%), endogenous AsA (23.1%), total soluble sugars (17.1%), total phenolics (29.7%), and enzymatic antioxidants i.e. SOD (22.3%), POD (34.1%) and CAT (39%) in both varieties under stress. Salinity reduced the yield attributes while foliarly applied AsA increased the pod length (38.7%), number of pods per plant (40%) and 100 seed weight (45.2%). To sum up, the application of AsA alleviated salt-induced damage in pea plants by enhancing photosynthetic pigments, both enzymatic and non-enzymatic activities, maintaining ion homeostasis, and reducing excessive ROS accumulation through the limitation of lipid peroxidation. Overall, V2 (Sarsabz) performed better as compared to the V1 (Meteor).
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Claims 20
Claim · model-written summary
Salt stress suppressed pea growth, photosynthetic activity and yield attributes.
- Taxon
- pea
Lathyrus oleraceuse0 - Treatment
- Salt stresse0
- Outcome
- growth, photosynthetic activity, and yield attributese0
- Direction
- suppressione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Salt stress resulted in the suppression of growth, photosynthetic activity, and yield attributes in pea plants.”
Claim · model-written summary
AsA increased chlorophyll a by 41.1% under stress.
- Taxon
- peaLathyrus oleraceust0
- Treatment
- AsA treatmente0
- Outcome
- chlorophyll ae0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Value
- 41.1%e0
- Qualifier
- Under stress conditionse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Under stress conditions, the application of AsA treatment led to a substantial increase in chlorophyll a (41.1%), chl. b (56.1%), total chl. contents (44.6%) and carotenoids (58.4%).”
t0“pea”
Claim · model-written summary
AsA increased chl. b by 56.1% under stress.
- Taxon
- peaLathyrus oleraceust0
- Treatment
- AsA treatmente0
- Outcome
- chl. be0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Value
- 56.1%e0
- Qualifier
- Under stress conditionse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Under stress conditions, the application of AsA treatment led to a substantial increase in chlorophyll a (41.1%), chl. b (56.1%), total chl. contents (44.6%) and carotenoids (58.4%).”
t0“pea”
Claim · model-written summary
AsA increased total chl. contents by 44.6% under stress.
- Taxon
- peaLathyrus oleraceust0
- Treatment
- AsA treatmente0
- Outcome
- total chl. contentse0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Value
- 44.6%e0
- Qualifier
- Under stress conditionse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Under stress conditions, the application of AsA treatment led to a substantial increase in chlorophyll a (41.1%), chl. b (56.1%), total chl. contents (44.6%) and carotenoids (58.4%).”
t0“pea”
Claim · model-written summary
AsA increased carotenoids by 58.4% under stress.
- Taxon
- peaLathyrus oleraceust0
- Treatment
- AsA treatmente0
- Outcome
- carotenoidse0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Value
- 58.4%e0
- Qualifier
- Under stress conditionse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Under stress conditions, the application of AsA treatment led to a substantial increase in chlorophyll a (41.1%), chl. b (56.1%), total chl. contents (44.6%) and carotenoids (58.4%).”
t0“pea”
Claim · model-written summary
AsA increased proline by 26.9% in both pea varieties under stress.
- Taxon
- peaLathyrus oleraceust0
- Treatment
- AsAe0
- Outcome
- prolinee0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 26.9%e0
- Qualifier
- in both varieties under stresse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“However, the application of AsA increased the contents of proline (26.9%), endogenous AsA (23.1%), total soluble sugars (17.1%), total phenolics (29.7%), and enzymatic antioxidants i.e. SOD (22.3%), POD (34.1%) and CAT (39%) in both varieties under stress.”
t0“pea”
Claim · model-written summary
AsA increased endogenous AsA by 23.1% in both pea varieties under stress.
- Taxon
- peaLathyrus oleraceust0
- Treatment
- AsAe0
- Outcome
- endogenous AsAe0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 23.1%e0
- Qualifier
- in both varieties under stresse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“However, the application of AsA increased the contents of proline (26.9%), endogenous AsA (23.1%), total soluble sugars (17.1%), total phenolics (29.7%), and enzymatic antioxidants i.e. SOD (22.3%), POD (34.1%) and CAT (39%) in both varieties under stress.”
t0“pea”
Claim · model-written summary
AsA increased total soluble sugars by 17.1% in both pea varieties under stress.
- Taxon
- peaLathyrus oleraceust0
- Treatment
- AsAe0
- Outcome
- total soluble sugarse0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 17.1%e0
- Qualifier
- in both varieties under stresse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“However, the application of AsA increased the contents of proline (26.9%), endogenous AsA (23.1%), total soluble sugars (17.1%), total phenolics (29.7%), and enzymatic antioxidants i.e. SOD (22.3%), POD (34.1%) and CAT (39%) in both varieties under stress.”
t0“pea”
Claim · model-written summary
AsA increased total phenolics by 29.7% in both pea varieties under stress.
- Taxon
- peaLathyrus oleraceust0
- Treatment
- AsAe0
- Outcome
- total phenolicse0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 29.7%e0
- Qualifier
- in both varieties under stresse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“However, the application of AsA increased the contents of proline (26.9%), endogenous AsA (23.1%), total soluble sugars (17.1%), total phenolics (29.7%), and enzymatic antioxidants i.e. SOD (22.3%), POD (34.1%) and CAT (39%) in both varieties under stress.”
t0“pea”
Claim · model-written summary
AsA increased SOD by 22.3% in both pea varieties under stress.
- Taxon
- peaLathyrus oleraceust0
- Treatment
- AsAe0
- Outcome
- SODe0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 22.3%e0
- Qualifier
- in both varieties under stresse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“However, the application of AsA increased the contents of proline (26.9%), endogenous AsA (23.1%), total soluble sugars (17.1%), total phenolics (29.7%), and enzymatic antioxidants i.e. SOD (22.3%), POD (34.1%) and CAT (39%) in both varieties under stress.”
t0“pea”
Claim · model-written summary
AsA increased POD by 34.1% in both pea varieties under stress.
- Taxon
- peaLathyrus oleraceust0
- Treatment
- AsAe0
- Outcome
- PODe0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 34.1%e0
- Qualifier
- in both varieties under stresse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“However, the application of AsA increased the contents of proline (26.9%), endogenous AsA (23.1%), total soluble sugars (17.1%), total phenolics (29.7%), and enzymatic antioxidants i.e. SOD (22.3%), POD (34.1%) and CAT (39%) in both varieties under stress.”
t0“pea”
Claim · model-written summary
AsA increased CAT by 39% in both pea varieties under stress.
- Taxon
- peaLathyrus oleraceust0
- Treatment
- AsAe0
- Outcome
- CATe0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 39%e0
- Qualifier
- in both varieties under stresse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“However, the application of AsA increased the contents of proline (26.9%), endogenous AsA (23.1%), total soluble sugars (17.1%), total phenolics (29.7%), and enzymatic antioxidants i.e. SOD (22.3%), POD (34.1%) and CAT (39%) in both varieties under stress.”
t0“pea”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar AsA increased pea pod length by 38.7%.
- Taxon
- peaLathyrus oleraceust0
- Treatment
- foliarly applied AsAe0
- Outcome
- pod lengthe0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 38.7%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Salinity reduced the yield attributes while foliarly applied AsA increased the pod length (38.7%), number of pods per plant (40%) and 100 seed weight (45.2%).”
t0“pea”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar AsA increased pea number of pods per plant by 40%.
- Taxon
- peaLathyrus oleraceust0
- Treatment
- foliarly applied AsAe0
- Outcome
- number of pods per plante0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 40%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Salinity reduced the yield attributes while foliarly applied AsA increased the pod length (38.7%), number of pods per plant (40%) and 100 seed weight (45.2%).”
t0“pea”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar AsA increased pea 100 seed weight by 45.2%.
- Taxon
- peaLathyrus oleraceust0
- Treatment
- foliarly applied AsAe0
- Outcome
- 100 seed weighte0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 45.2%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Salinity reduced the yield attributes while foliarly applied AsA increased the pod length (38.7%), number of pods per plant (40%) and 100 seed weight (45.2%).”
t0“pea”
Claim · model-written summary
Salt stress increased Na + accumulation.
- Taxon
- peaLathyrus oleraceust0
- Treatment
- salt stresse0
- Outcome
- Na + accumulatione0
- Direction
- increasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Under salt stress, there was an increase in Na + accumulation, lipid peroxidation, and the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS).”
t0“pea”
Claim · model-written summary
Salt stress increased lipid peroxidation.
- Taxon
- peaLathyrus oleraceust0
- Treatment
- salt stresse0
- Outcome
- lipid peroxidatione0
- Direction
- increasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Under salt stress, there was an increase in Na + accumulation, lipid peroxidation, and the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS).”
t0“pea”
Claim · model-written summary
Salt stress increased reactive oxygen species generation.
- Taxon
- peaLathyrus oleraceust0
- Treatment
- salt stresse0
- Outcome
- generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS)e0
- Direction
- increasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Under salt stress, there was an increase in Na + accumulation, lipid peroxidation, and the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS).”
t0“pea”
Claim · model-written summary
Sarsabz performed better than Meteor overall.
- Taxon
- peaLathyrus oleraceust0
- Material
- Sarsabze0
- Outcome
- performed bettere0
- Direction
- bettere0
- Comparator
- Meteore0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Overall, V2 (Sarsabz) performed better as compared to the V1 (Meteor).”
t0“pea”
Claim · model-written summary
AsA alleviated salt induced pea damage through improved pigments and antioxidant activity, ion homeostasis, and reduced ROS via limited lipid peroxidation.
- Taxon
- peaLathyrus oleraceuse0
- Treatment
- application of AsAe0
- Outcome
- salt-induced damagee0
- Qualifier
- by enhancing photosynthetic pigments, both enzymatic and non-enzymatic activities, maintaining ion homeostasis, and reducing excessive ROS accumulation through the limitation of lipid peroxidatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“To sum up, the application of AsA alleviated salt-induced damage in pea plants by enhancing photosynthetic pigments, both enzymatic and non-enzymatic activities, maintaining ion homeostasis, and reducing excessive ROS accumulation through the limitation of lipid peroxidation.”
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