Abstract
Sitotroga cerealella is the main pest of maize grains and Mythimna unipuncta is a generalist defoliating pest that often attacks maize. Two Tepary bean (Phaseolus acutifolius) genotypes, Tepary pinto yellow (Yellow T) and Tepary pinto negro (Black T), repel pest attacks on beans and, since beans and maize have co-evolved in America, we hypothesized that they could also protect maize against the attack of similar pests. Yellow T showed antixenosis against larvae in young maize plants. Pinto Saltillo (P. Saltillo) (P. vulgaris) and Yellow T controlled the consumption of maize leaves. No significant differences were found between these two genotypes for Mythimna unipuncta growth in bioassays with artificial diets. We found significant differences for number of holes caused by Sitotroga cerealella attack in maize grains being lowest for Yellow T (43.3) and highest for PS-AZH-15 (P. vulgaris) (53.6). Number of adults was lowest for Yellow T and PS-AZH-15 and highest for Black T. Yellow T showed antixenoxis against Mythimna unipuncta and Sitotroga cerealella and can be used for partially controlling these maize pests. Furthermore, Yellow T was consistently superior to the control for both maize pests and could be used for future studies of maize protection; suggesting that there is a clear genetic regulation of this antixenotic effect. The protective mechanism has not insecticide properties; conversely, we believe that there could be substances that increase the hardness or reduce the palatability of tissues.
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Claims 14
Claim · model-written summary
Yellow T showed antixenosis to larvae on young maize plants.
Zea maysOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Yellow T showed antixenosis against larvae in young maize plants.”
Claim · model-written summary
Pinto Saltillo controlled consumption of maize leaves.
- Material
- Pinto Saltilloe0
- Treatment
- Pinto Saltilloe0
- Outcome
- consumption of maize leavese0
- Direction
- controllede0
Not reportedInteractorComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Pinto Saltillo (P. Saltillo) (P. vulgaris) and Yellow T controlled the consumption of maize leaves.”
Claim · model-written summary
Yellow T controlled consumption of maize leaves.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Pinto Saltillo (P. Saltillo) (P. vulgaris) and Yellow T controlled the consumption of maize leaves.”
Claim · model-written summary
The two genotypes did not differ significantly in Mythimna unipuncta growth in artificial-diet bioassays.
- Interactor
- Mythimna unipuncta
Mythimna unipunctae0pest - Outcome
- Mythimna unipuncta growthe0
- Direction
- No significant differencese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“No significant differences were found between these two genotypes for Mythimna unipuncta growth in bioassays with artificial diets.”
t0“Maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Sitotroga cerealella caused the fewest holes in maize grains under Yellow T.
- Material
- Yellow Te0
- Interactor
- Sitotroga cerealella
Sitotroga cerealellae0pest - Outcome
- number of holes caused by Sitotroga cerealella attack in maize grainse0
- Direction
- loweste0
- Value
- 43.3e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“number of holes caused by Sitotroga cerealella attack in maize grains being lowest for Yellow T (43.3)”
Claim · model-written summary
Sitotroga cerealella caused the most holes in maize grains under PS-AZH-15.
- Material
- PS-AZH-15e0
- Interactor
- Sitotroga cerealellaSitotroga cerealellat0pest
- Outcome
- higheste0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 53.6e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“highest for PS-AZH-15 (P. vulgaris) (53.6)”
t0“Maize Damage by Mythimna unipuncta and Sitotroga cerealella”
Claim · model-written summary
Adult numbers were lowest for Yellow T and PS-AZH-15.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Number of adults was lowest for Yellow T and PS-AZH-15”
t0“Maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Adult numbers were highest for Black T.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“highest for Black T”
t0“Maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Yellow T showed antixenosis against both maize pests.
- Material
- Yellow Te0
- Interactor
- Mythimna unipunctaMythimna unipunctae0pest
- Second interactor
- Sitotroga cerealellaSitotroga cerealellae0pest
- Outcome
- antixenoxise0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Yellow T showed antixenoxis against Mythimna unipuncta and Sitotroga cerealella”
t0“Maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Yellow T was superior to the control for both maize pests.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Yellow T was consistently superior to the control for both maize pests”
t0“Maize”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors propose using Yellow T for future maize protection studies.
- Outcome
- future studies of maize protectione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“could be used for future studies of maize protection”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors infer genetic regulation of the antixenotic effect.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“suggesting that there is a clear genetic regulation of this antixenotic effect”
t0“Maize”
Claim · model-written summary
The protective mechanism lacked insecticidal properties.
- Outcome
- not insecticide propertiese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The protective mechanism has not insecticide properties”
t0“Maize”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors hypothesize that substances may alter tissue hardness or palatability.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“we believe that there could be substances that increase the hardness or reduce the palatability of tissues”
t0“Maize”
The same questions in other papers
salinity · pest · Zea mays (maize)Positive and negative results
2 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- negative
- positive
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.