Abstract
Plants exhibit helical growth movements known as circumnutation in growing organs. Some studies indicate that circumnutation involves the gravitropic response, but this notion is a matter of debate. Here, using the agravitropic rice mutant lazy1 and space-grown rice seedlings, we found that circumnutation was reduced or lost during agravitropic growth in coleoptiles. Coleoptiles of wild-type rice exhibited circumnutation in the dark, with vigorous oscillatory movements during their growth. The gravitropic responses in lazy1 coleoptiles differed depending on the growth stage, with gravitropic responses detected during early growth and agravitropism during later growth. The nutation-like movements observed in lazy1 coleoptiles at the early stage of growth were no longer detected with the disappearance of the gravitropic response. To verify the relationship between circumnutation and gravitropic responses in rice coleoptiles, we conducted spaceflight experiments in plants under microgravity conditions on the International Space Station. Wild-type rice seeds were germinated, and the resulting seedlings were grown under microgravity or a centrifuge-generated 1 g environment in space. We began filming the seedlings 2 days after seed imbibition and obtained images of seedling growth every 15 min. The seed germination rate in space was 92-100% under both microgravity and 1 g conditions. LED-synchronized flashlight photography induced an attenuation of coleoptile growth and circumnutational movement due to cumulative light exposure. Nevertheless, wild-type rice coleoptiles still showed circumnutational oscillations under 1 g but not microgravity conditions. These results support the idea that the gravitropic response is involved in plant circumnutation.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Circumnutation was reduced or lost in agravitropic rice coleoptiles.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativae0 - Material
- lazy1e0
- Organ / stage
- coleoptilese0
- Outcome
- circumnutatione0
- Direction
- reduced or loste0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“using the agravitropic rice mutant lazy1 and space-grown rice seedlings, we found that circumnutation was reduced or lost during agravitropic growth in coleoptiles”
Claim · model-written summary
Wild-type rice coleoptiles showed circumnutation in darkness.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Material
- wild-typee0
- Organ / stage
- Coleoptilese0
- Outcome
- circumnutation in the dark, with vigorous oscillatory movementse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Coleoptiles of wild-type rice exhibited circumnutation in the dark, with vigorous oscillatory movements during their growth.”
Claim · model-written summary
lazy1 coleoptiles responded to gravity early in growth.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Material
- lazy1e0
- Organ / stage
- coleoptilese0
- Outcome
- gravitropic responses detected during early growthe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The gravitropic responses in lazy1 coleoptiles differed depending on the growth stage, with gravitropic responses detected during early growth and agravitropism during later growth.”
t0“rice coleoptiles”
Claim · model-written summary
lazy1 coleoptiles became agravitropic later in growth.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Material
- lazy1e0
- Organ / stage
- coleoptilese0
- Outcome
- agravitropism during later growthe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The gravitropic responses in lazy1 coleoptiles differed depending on the growth stage, with gravitropic responses detected during early growth and agravitropism during later growth.”
t0“rice coleoptiles”
Claim · model-written summary
Early nutation-like movements disappeared when gravity response disappeared.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Material
- lazy1e0
- Organ / stage
- coleoptilese0
- Outcome
- nutation-like movementse0
- Direction
- no longer detectede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The nutation-like movements observed in lazy1 coleoptiles at the early stage of growth were no longer detected with the disappearance of the gravitropic response.”
t0“rice coleoptiles”
Claim · model-written summary
Space seed germination was 92-100% under both gravity conditions.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Outcome
- seed germination ratee0
- Value
- 92-100%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The seed germination rate in space was 92-100% under both microgravity and 1 g conditions.”
t0“rice coleoptiles”
Claim · model-written summary
Flashlight exposure attenuated coleoptile growth and movement.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- LED-synchronized flashlight photographye0
- Outcome
- coleoptile growth and circumnutational movemente0
- Direction
- attenuatione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“LED-synchronized flashlight photography induced an attenuation of coleoptile growth and circumnutational movement due to cumulative light exposure.”
t0“rice coleoptiles”
Claim · model-written summary
Wild-type coleoptiles oscillated under 1 g but not microgravity.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Material
- wild-typee0
- Organ / stage
- coleoptilese0
- Treatment
- 1 ge0
- Outcome
- circumnutational oscillationse0
- Comparator
- microgravity conditionse0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“wild-type rice coleoptiles still showed circumnutational oscillations under 1 g but not microgravity conditions”
The same questions in other papers
light · growth · Oryza sativa (rice)Positive and negative results
39 papers in the same direction as this paper · 55 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
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