Abstract
To study the effect of different planting ratios and nitrogen levels on yields and economics of fodder maize and cowpea, an experiment was laid out in split plot arrangement with three intercropping row ratios of maize: cowpea (1: 1, 2: 1 and 1: 2) in main plot and five nitrogen levels (0, 30, 60, 90 and 120 kg N/ha) in sub plot with three replication. The maize and cowpea planted under 1: 2 ratio showed maximum values of growth parameters (i.e. plant height, number of leaves, leaf length, leaf width, stem girth, number of branches and leaf to stem ratio), nutrient content and their uptake (N and P) over 1: 1 and 2: 1 ratio. The significantly higher value aforesaid growth parameters of maize were recorded with applications of 90 kg N/ha. However, cowpea showed significantly higher value of growth parameters upto 60 kg N/ha. The highest total DMY (141.22 q/ha) and maize DMY (122.92 q/ha), net return ( 57089.42) and B: C ratio (1.72) were observed under 2: 1 intercropping ratio. However, in case of cowpea, 1: 2 intercropping ratio resulted in highest DMY (33.25 q/ha). Among fertility levels the significantly maximum total DMY, maize DMY and farm profitability, nutrient content and uptake by maize were observed with 120 kg N/ha. However, cowpea showed significantly increase in DMY up to 30 kg N/ha only. The 1: 2 intercropping ratio resulted in 5.60 and 6.70% higher soil N and 4.00 and 2.57% higher soil P over 1: 1 and 2: 1 intercropping ratios. The use of 120 kg N/ha resulted 2.0, 6.6, 9.3 and 20.2% improvement in soil N over 0, 30, 60 and 90 kg N/ha, respectively. Thus it can be concluded that to realize higher productivity and farm profitability their planting 2: 1 ratios with use of 120 and 60 kg N/ha, respectively is a viable option and may quite helpful in sustain the performance of livestock in terms of health and milk production.
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Claims 20
Claim · model-written summary
Maize and cowpea under the 1:2 maize:cowpea ratio had maximum growth parameters, nutrient content and N and P uptake compared with 1:1 and 2:1 ratios.
- Taxon
- maize and cowpea
Vigna unguiculata
Zea mayse0 - Treatment
- 1: 2 ratioe0
- Outcome
- growth parameterse0
- Direction
- maximume0
- Qualifier
- nutrient content and their uptake (N and P)e0
- Comparator
- 1: 1 and 2: 1 ratioe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The maize and cowpea planted under 1: 2 ratio showed maximum values of growth parameters (i.e. plant height, number of leaves, leaf length, leaf width, stem girth, number of branches and leaf to stem ratio), nutrient content and their uptake (N and P) over 1: 1 and 2: 1 ratio”
e1“fodder maize and cowpea”
Claim · model-written summary
Growth parameters of maize were significantly higher with 90 kg N/ha.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The significantly higher value aforesaid growth parameters of maize were recorded with applications of 90 kg N/ha”
e1“fodder maize and cowpea”
Claim · model-written summary
Cowpea growth parameters were significantly higher up to 60 kg N/ha.
- Taxon
- cowpeaVigna unguiculatae0
- Treatment
- 60 kg N/hae0
- Outcome
- growth parameterse0
- Direction
- highere0
- Qualifier
- uptoe0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“cowpea showed significantly higher value of growth parameters upto 60 kg N/ha”
e1“fodder maize and cowpea”
Claim · model-written summary
Total dry matter yield was highest, 141.22 q/ha, under the 2:1 maize:cowpea intercropping ratio.
- Taxon
- maize and cowpeaVigna unguiculataZea mayse1
- Treatment
- 2: 1 intercropping ratioe0
- Outcome
- total DMYe0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 141.22 q/hae0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The highest total DMY (141.22 q/ha) and maize DMY (122.92 q/ha), net return ( 57089.42) and B: C ratio (1.72) were observed under 2: 1 intercropping ratio”
e1“fodder maize and cowpea”
Claim · model-written summary
Maize dry matter yield was highest, 122.92 q/ha, under the 2:1 intercropping ratio.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The highest total DMY (141.22 q/ha) and maize DMY (122.92 q/ha), net return ( 57089.42) and B: C ratio (1.72) were observed under 2: 1 intercropping ratio”
e1“fodder maize and cowpea”
Claim · model-written summary
Net return was highest, 57089.42, under the 2:1 intercropping ratio.
- Taxon
- maize and cowpeaVigna unguiculataZea mayse1
- Treatment
- 2: 1 intercropping ratioe0
- Outcome
- net returne0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 57089.42e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The highest total DMY (141.22 q/ha) and maize DMY (122.92 q/ha), net return ( 57089.42) and B: C ratio (1.72) were observed under 2: 1 intercropping ratio”
e1“fodder maize and cowpea”
Claim · model-written summary
The benefit:cost ratio was highest, 1.72, under the 2:1 intercropping ratio.
- Taxon
- maize and cowpeaVigna unguiculataZea mayse1
- Treatment
- 2: 1 intercropping ratioe0
- Outcome
- B: C ratioe0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 1.72e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The highest total DMY (141.22 q/ha) and maize DMY (122.92 q/ha), net return ( 57089.42) and B: C ratio (1.72) were observed under 2: 1 intercropping ratio”
e1“fodder maize and cowpea”
Claim · model-written summary
Cowpea dry matter yield was highest, 33.25 q/ha, under the 1:2 intercropping ratio.
- Taxon
- cowpeaVigna unguiculatae0
- Treatment
- 1: 2 intercropping ratioe0
- Outcome
- DMYe0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 33.25 q/hae0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“in case of cowpea, 1: 2 intercropping ratio resulted in highest DMY (33.25 q/ha)”
e1“fodder maize and cowpea”
Claim · model-written summary
Total dry matter yield, maize dry matter yield and farm profitability were significantly maximum with 120 kg N/ha.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Among fertility levels the significantly maximum total DMY, maize DMY and farm profitability, nutrient content and uptake by maize were observed with 120 kg N/ha”
e1“fodder maize and cowpea”
Claim · model-written summary
Nutrient content and uptake by maize were significantly maximum with 120 kg N/ha.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Among fertility levels the significantly maximum total DMY, maize DMY and farm profitability, nutrient content and uptake by maize were observed with 120 kg N/ha”
e1“fodder maize and cowpea”
Claim · model-written summary
Cowpea dry matter yield increased significantly only up to 30 kg N/ha.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“cowpea showed significantly increase in DMY up to 30 kg N/ha only”
e1“fodder maize and cowpea”
Claim · model-written summary
The 1:2 intercropping ratio gave 5.60% higher soil N than the 1:1 ratio.
- Taxon
- maize and cowpeaVigna unguiculataZea mayse1
- Treatment
- 1: 2 intercropping ratioe0
- Outcome
- soil Ne0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 5.60e0
- Comparator
- 1: 1e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The 1: 2 intercropping ratio resulted in 5.60 and 6.70% higher soil N and 4.00 and 2.57% higher soil P over 1: 1 and 2: 1 intercropping ratios”
e1“fodder maize and cowpea”
Claim · model-written summary
The 1:2 intercropping ratio gave 6.70% higher soil N than the 2:1 ratio.
- Taxon
- maize and cowpeaVigna unguiculataZea mayse1
- Treatment
- 1: 2 intercropping ratioe0
- Outcome
- soil Ne0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 6.70%e0
- Comparator
- 2: 1e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The 1: 2 intercropping ratio resulted in 5.60 and 6.70% higher soil N and 4.00 and 2.57% higher soil P over 1: 1 and 2: 1 intercropping ratios”
e1“fodder maize and cowpea”
Claim · model-written summary
The 1:2 intercropping ratio gave 4.00% higher soil P than the 1:1 ratio.
- Taxon
- maize and cowpeaVigna unguiculataZea mayse1
- Treatment
- 1: 2 intercropping ratioe0
- Outcome
- soil Pe0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 4.00e0
- Comparator
- 1: 1e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The 1: 2 intercropping ratio resulted in 5.60 and 6.70% higher soil N and 4.00 and 2.57% higher soil P over 1: 1 and 2: 1 intercropping ratios”
e1“fodder maize and cowpea”
Claim · model-written summary
The 1:2 intercropping ratio gave 2.57% higher soil P than the 2:1 ratio.
- Taxon
- maize and cowpeaVigna unguiculataZea mayse1
- Treatment
- 1: 2 intercropping ratioe0
- Outcome
- soil Pe0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 2.57%e0
- Comparator
- 2: 1e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The 1: 2 intercropping ratio resulted in 5.60 and 6.70% higher soil N and 4.00 and 2.57% higher soil P over 1: 1 and 2: 1 intercropping ratios”
e1“fodder maize and cowpea”
Claim · model-written summary
120 kg N/ha improved soil N by 2.0% over 0 kg N/ha.
- Taxon
- maize and cowpeaVigna unguiculataZea mayse1
- Treatment
- 120 kg N/hae0
- Outcome
- soil Ne0
- Direction
- improvemente0
- Value
- 2.0e0
- Comparator
- 0e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The use of 120 kg N/ha resulted 2.0, 6.6, 9.3 and 20.2% improvement in soil N over 0, 30, 60 and 90 kg N/ha, respectively”
e1“fodder maize and cowpea”
Claim · model-written summary
120 kg N/ha improved soil N by 6.6% over 30 kg N/ha.
- Taxon
- maize and cowpeaVigna unguiculataZea mayse1
- Treatment
- 120 kg N/hae0
- Outcome
- soil Ne0
- Direction
- improvemente0
- Value
- 6.6e0
- Comparator
- 30e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The use of 120 kg N/ha resulted 2.0, 6.6, 9.3 and 20.2% improvement in soil N over 0, 30, 60 and 90 kg N/ha, respectively”
e1“fodder maize and cowpea”
Claim · model-written summary
120 kg N/ha improved soil N by 9.3% over 60 kg N/ha.
- Taxon
- maize and cowpeaVigna unguiculataZea mayse1
- Treatment
- 120 kg N/hae0
- Outcome
- soil Ne0
- Direction
- improvemente0
- Value
- 9.3e0
- Comparator
- 60e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The use of 120 kg N/ha resulted 2.0, 6.6, 9.3 and 20.2% improvement in soil N over 0, 30, 60 and 90 kg N/ha, respectively”
e1“fodder maize and cowpea”
Claim · model-written summary
120 kg N/ha improved soil N by 20.2% over 90 kg N/ha.
- Taxon
- maize and cowpeaVigna unguiculataZea mayse1
- Treatment
- 120 kg N/hae0
- Outcome
- soil Ne0
- Direction
- improvemente0
- Value
- 20.2%e0
- Comparator
- 90 kg N/hae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The use of 120 kg N/ha resulted 2.0, 6.6, 9.3 and 20.2% improvement in soil N over 0, 30, 60 and 90 kg N/ha, respectively”
e1“fodder maize and cowpea”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors conclude that planting maize and cowpea at a 2:1 ratio with 120 and 60 kg N/ha, respectively, is a viable option for higher productivity and farm profitability.
- Taxon
- maize and cowpeaVigna unguiculataZea mayse1
- Treatment
- 120 and 60 kg N/hae0
- Outcome
- higher productivity and farm profitabilitye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“to realize higher productivity and farm profitability their planting 2: 1 ratios with use of 120 and 60 kg N/ha, respectively is a viable option”
e1“fodder maize and cowpea”
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