Abstract
Bioagents colonized vermicompost can be a crucial alternative natural biological control of stalk rot diseases of sorghum because of the hazardous effects of agrochemicals on non-targeted organisms and soil health. To study the interaction among bioagents colonized vermicompost with stalk rot disease of sorghum caused by Erwinia chrysanthemi, and earthworms of rhizospheric soil, pre-plant soil application of bioagents colonized vermicompost @ 2.5 kg/4 m2 and chemicals viz. Blitox-50, Bleaching powder, Streptocyclin and Tetracyclin @ 2.5% were done under field conditions. In analysis of earthworm’s population dynamics, maximum numbers of young earthworms per plant rhizosphere were observed with vermicompost colonized isolate Th-2 followed by vermicompost alone and vermicompost colonized isolate Psf-24. However, minimum number of young earthworms per plant rhizosphere was obtained with Bleaching powder. Maximum seed germination was recorded with vermicompost colonized isolate Th-2 followed by Th-R, Th-14, and Psf-12. Maximum number of earthworm’s heap of cast per plant rhizosphere was obtained in plants treated with vermicompost colonized isolate Th-2 followed by Psf-19, Psf-12 and Psf-18. Significant increase in biomass yield of sorghum plants were observed among all the treatments. However, maximum biomass yield was observed with vermicompost colonized isolate Th-2 followed by Psf-24. Maximum reduction of disease severity was recorded with vermicompost colonized isolate Th-2 followed by Th-14, Th-R and Psf-3. Present investigation suggests the effect of bioagents colonized on the dramatic increase in earthworm’s population (young and adult), earthworm’s body length, sorghum plant biomass yield and reduction in stalk rot disease severity. Our experiments have shown that bioagents colonized vermicompost have considerable potential not only improving plant growth, suppression of stalk rot disease severity significantly but also increasing soil earthworms when used as pre-plant soil amendment.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Th-2 colonized vermicompost gave the most young rhizosphere earthworms.
- Treatment
- vermicompost colonized isolate Th-2e0
- Interactor
- earthwormsCrassiclitellatae0other
- Outcome
- numbers of young earthworms per plant rhizospheree0
- Direction
- maximume0
- Comparator
- vermicompost alonee0
SorghumOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“maximum numbers of young earthworms per plant rhizosphere were observed with vermicompost colonized isolate Th-2 followed by vermicompost alone and vermicompost colonized isolate Psf-24.”
t0“sorghum”
Claim · model-written summary
Bleaching powder gave the fewest young rhizosphere earthworms.
- Treatment
- Bleaching powdere0
- Interactor
- earthwormsCrassiclitellatae0other
- Outcome
- number of young earthworms per plant rhizospheree0
- Direction
- minimume0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“minimum number of young earthworms per plant rhizosphere was obtained with Bleaching powder.”
t0“sorghum”
Claim · model-written summary
Th-2 colonized vermicompost produced maximum seed germination.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Maximum seed germination was recorded with vermicompost colonized isolate Th-2 followed by Th-R, Th-14, and Psf-12.”
t0“sorghum”
Claim · model-written summary
Th-2 colonized vermicompost produced the most earthworm cast heaps.
- Treatment
- vermicompost colonized isolate Th-2e0
- Interactor
- earthwormCrassiclitellatae0other
- Outcome
- number of earthworm’s heap of cast per plant rhizospheree0
- Direction
- Maximume0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Maximum number of earthworm’s heap of cast per plant rhizosphere was obtained in plants treated with vermicompost colonized isolate Th-2 followed by Psf-19, Psf-12 and Psf-18.”
t0“sorghum”
Claim · model-written summary
All treatments significantly increased sorghum biomass yield.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Significant increase in biomass yield of sorghum plants were observed among all the treatments.”
Claim · model-written summary
Th-2 colonized vermicompost yielded the most biomass, followed by Psf-24.
- Treatment
- vermicompost colonized isolate Th-2e0
- Outcome
- biomass yielde0
- Direction
- maximume0
- Comparator
- Psf-24e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“maximum biomass yield was observed with vermicompost colonized isolate Th-2 followed by Psf-24.”
t0“sorghum”
Claim · model-written summary
Th-2 colonized vermicompost gave the largest reduction in stalk rot severity.
- Treatment
- vermicompost colonized isolate Th-2e0
- Outcome
- disease severitye0
- Direction
- Maximum reductione0
- Comparator
- Th-14, Th-R and Psf-3e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Maximum reduction of disease severity was recorded with vermicompost colonized isolate Th-2 followed by Th-14, Th-R and Psf-3.”
t0“sorghum”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors concluded bioagent vermicompost can improve growth, suppress stalk rot and increase earthworms.
- Treatment
- pre-plant soil amendmente0
- Outcome
- bioagents colonized vermicompost have considerable potentiale0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“bioagents colonized vermicompost have considerable potential not only improving plant growth, suppression of stalk rot disease severity significantly but also increasing soil earthworms when used as pre-plant soil amendment.”
t0“sorghum”
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