Abstract
Background and Aims: Higher temperature during the season is forcing growers in Central Italy to explore ways to reliably control vine yield and grape ripening, while maintaining grape composition. The most common approaches include altering winter pruning, shoot thinning (St), leaf removal and bunch thinning. These studies, however, rarely evaluated these practices in concert and over multiple seasons. Methods and Results: From 2009 to 2013, five treatments were applied to Vitis vinifera L. cv. Montepulciano: winter pruning only (Wp, Control); Wp plus St; St plus pre-flowering defoliation (St + Dpa); St plus pre-veraison defoliation (St + Dpv); and St + Dpv plus bunch thinning (St + Dpv + Bt) applied prior to veraison. Effects on canopy architecture, yield, ripening and berry composition were measured. Compared to Wp, St, St + Dpv and St + Dpv + Bt treatments reduced leaf area and leaf layer number in the fruiting zone, while St + Dpv + Bt reduced yield. No treatment slowed ripening. The treatment St + Dpa reduced yield and the incidence of Botrytis cinerea, and improved fruit composition, but increased TSS in berries. All treatments were ceased after 2013 and the vines were pruned in winter only. The treatment St + Dpa imposed in 2013 had a strong carry-over effect on yield but not TSS in 2014. Conclusions: Shoot thinning alone reduced canopy density but failed to reduce yield or improve fruit composition. Both the St + Dpv and St + Dpv + Ct treatments provided a more open fruit zone, had no effect on yield and increased TSS in fruit at harvest. Shoot thinning plus pre-flowering defoliation decreased yield and improved berry composition in a Mediterranean climate; however, given its observed carry-over effects on yield this approach should be applied only in alternate years, suggesting the need for further research exploring additional viticultural practices. Significance of the Study: Despite some benefits of St, defoliation and bunch thinning on their own or even in concert, no combination tested was consistently effective for controlling vine yield and grape ripening, while maintaining grape composition
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Shoot thinning and the two pre-veraison defoliation combinations reduced fruit-zone leaf area and layer number versus winter pruning.
- Taxon
- Vitis vinifera L. cv. Montepulciano
Vitis viniferae1 - Organ / stage
- fruiting zonee0
- Treatment
- Ste0
- Outcome
- leaf area and leaf layer numbere0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Comparator
- Wpe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Compared to Wp, St, St + Dpv and St + Dpv + Bt treatments reduced leaf area and leaf layer number in the fruiting zone”
e1“five treatments were applied to Vitis vinifera L. cv. Montepulciano”
Claim · model-written summary
The St + Dpv + Bt treatment reduced grapevine yield relative to winter pruning.
- Taxon
- Vitis vinifera L. cv. MontepulcianoVitis viniferae2
- Treatment
- St + Dpv + Bte0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Comparator
- Wpe1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“while St + Dpv + Bt reduced yield.”
e1“Compared to Wp, St, St + Dpv and St + Dpv + Bt treatments reduced leaf area and leaf layer number in the fruiting zone”
e2“Vitis vinifera L. cv. Montepulciano”
Claim · model-written summary
No tested treatment slowed grape ripening.
- Taxon
- Vitis vinifera L. cv. MontepulcianoVitis viniferae1
- Treatment
- treatmente0
- Outcome
- ripeninge0
- Direction
- No treatment slowede0
- Comparator
- Wp, Controle2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“No treatment slowed ripening.”
e1“Vitis vinifera L. cv. Montepulciano”
e2“winter pruning only (Wp, Control)”
Claim · model-written summary
St + Dpa reduced grapevine yield.
- Taxon
- Vitis vinifera L. cv. MontepulcianoVitis viniferae1
- Treatment
- St + Dpae0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Comparator
- Wp, Controle2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The treatment St + Dpa reduced yield and the incidence of Botrytis cinerea, and improved fruit composition, but increased TSS in berries.”
e1“Vitis vinifera L. cv. Montepulciano”
e2“winter pruning only (Wp, Control)”
Claim · model-written summary
St + Dpa reduced Botrytis cinerea incidence.
- Taxon
- Vitis vinifera L. cv. MontepulcianoVitis viniferae1
- Treatment
- St + Dpae0
- Interactor
- Botrytis cinerea
Botrytis cinereae0pathogen - Outcome
- incidence of Botrytis cinereae0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Comparator
- Wp, Controle2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The treatment St + Dpa reduced yield and the incidence of Botrytis cinerea, and improved fruit composition, but increased TSS in berries.”
e1“Vitis vinifera L. cv. Montepulciano”
e2“winter pruning only (Wp, Control)”
Claim · model-written summary
St + Dpa improved fruit composition but raised berry TSS.
- Taxon
- Vitis vinifera L. cv. MontepulcianoVitis viniferae1
- Organ / stage
- berriese0
- Treatment
- St + Dpae0
- Outcome
- fruit compositione0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Comparator
- Wp, Controle2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The treatment St + Dpa reduced yield and the incidence of Botrytis cinerea, and improved fruit composition, but increased TSS in berries.”
e1“Vitis vinifera L. cv. Montepulciano”
e2“winter pruning only (Wp, Control)”
Claim · model-written summary
The 2013 St + Dpa treatment had a strong carry-over effect on 2014 yield but not TSS.
- Taxon
- Vitis vinifera L. cv. MontepulcianoVitis viniferae1
- Treatment
- St + Dpae0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- strong carry-over effecte0
- Qualifier
- in 2014e0
- Comparator
- Wp, Controle2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The treatment St + Dpa imposed in 2013 had a strong carry-over effect on yield but not TSS in 2014.”
e1“Vitis vinifera L. cv. Montepulciano”
e2“winter pruning only (Wp, Control)”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend applying shoot thinning plus pre-flowering defoliation only in alternate years.
- Taxon
- Vitis vinifera L. cv. MontepulcianoVitis viniferae2
- Treatment
- Shoot thinning plus pre-flowering defoliatione1
- Outcome
- applied only in alternate yearse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“this approach should be applied only in alternate years”
e1“Shoot thinning plus pre-flowering defoliation decreased yield and improved berry composition”
e2“Vitis vinifera L. cv. Montepulciano”
The same questions in other papers
transgenic · yield · Vitis vinifera (wine grape)Positive and negative results
1 in the opposite direction
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.