Abstract
Heat stress is a major cause for yield loss in many crops, including vegetable crops. Even short waves of high temperature, becoming more frequent during recent years, can be detrimental. Pollen development is most heat-sensitive, being the main cause for reduced productivity under heat-stress across a wide range of crops. The molecular mechanisms involved in pollen heat-stress response and thermotolerance are however not fully understood. Recently, we have demonstrated that ethylene, a gaseous plant hormone, plays a role in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) pollen thermotolerance. These results were substantiated in the current work showing that increasing ethylene levels by using an ethylene-releasing substance, ethephon, prior to heat-stress exposure, increased pollen quality. A proteomic approach was undertaken, to unravel the mechanisms underlying pollen heat-stress response and ethylene-mediated pollen thermotolerance in developing pollen grains. Proteins were extracted and analyzed by means of a gel LC-MS fractionation protocol, and a total of 1355 proteins were identified. A dataset of 721 proteins, detected in three biological replicates of at least one of the applied treatments, was used for all analyses. Quantitative analysis was performed based on peptide count. The analysis revealed that heat-stress affected the developmental program of pollen, including protein homeostasis (components of the translational and degradation machinery), carbohydrate and energy metabolism. Ethephon-pretreatment shifted the heat-stressed pollen proteome closer to the proteome under non-stressful conditions, namely, by showing higher abundance of proteins involved in protein synthesis, degradation, tricarboxylic acid cycle and RNA regulation. Furthermore, up-regulation of protective mechanisms against oxidative stress was observed following ethephon-treatment (including higher abundance of glutathione-disulfide reductase, glutaredoxin and protein disulfide isomerase). Taken together, the findings identified systemic and fundamental components of pollen thermotolerance, and serve as a valuable quantitative protein database for further research.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Heat stress affected the developmental program of tomato pollen, including protein homeostasis, carbohydrate and energy metabolism.
- Taxon
- Tomato
Solanum lycopersicumt0 - Organ / stage
- pollene1
- Treatment
- heat-stresse1
- Outcome
- developmental program of pollene1
- Qualifier
- protein homeostasis (components of the translational and degradation machinery), carbohydrate and energy metabolisme1
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Tomato Pollen Grains”
e1“heat-stress affected the developmental program of pollen, including protein homeostasis (components of the translational and degradation machinery), carbohydrate and energy metabolism”
Claim · model-written summary
Ethephon pretreatment shifted the heat-stressed pollen proteome closer to the proteome under non-stressful conditions.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Organ / stage
- pollene2
- Treatment
- Ethephon-pretreatmente2
- Outcome
- proteomee2
- Direction
- closere2
- Comparator
- heat-stressed pollene2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Tomato Pollen Grains”
e2“Ethephon-pretreatment shifted the heat-stressed pollen proteome closer to the proteome under non-stressful conditions”
Claim · model-written summary
Ethephon pretreatment of heat-stressed tomato pollen increased the abundance of proteins involved in protein synthesis and degradation.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- Ethephon-pretreatmente2
- Outcome
- protein synthesis, degradatione3
- Direction
- highere3
- Comparator
- heat-stressed pollene2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Tomato Pollen Grains”
e2“Ethephon-pretreatment shifted the heat-stressed pollen proteome closer to the proteome under non-stressful conditions”
e3“higher abundance of proteins involved in protein synthesis, degradation, tricarboxylic acid cycle and RNA regulation”
Claim · model-written summary
Ethephon pretreatment of heat-stressed tomato pollen increased the abundance of proteins involved in the tricarboxylic acid cycle and RNA regulation.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- Ethephon-pretreatmente2
- Outcome
- tricarboxylic acid cycle and RNA regulatione3
- Direction
- highere3
- Comparator
- heat-stressed pollene2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Tomato Pollen Grains”
e2“Ethephon-pretreatment shifted the heat-stressed pollen proteome closer to the proteome under non-stressful conditions”
e3“higher abundance of proteins involved in protein synthesis, degradation, tricarboxylic acid cycle and RNA regulation”
Claim · model-written summary
Ethephon treatment was followed by up-regulation of protective mechanisms against oxidative stress in tomato pollen.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- ethephon-treatmente5
- Outcome
- protective mechanisms against oxidative stresse5
- Direction
- up-regulatione5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Tomato Pollen Grains”
e5“up-regulation of protective mechanisms against oxidative stress was observed following ethephon-treatment”
Claim · model-written summary
Ethephon treatment increased the abundance of glutathione-disulfide reductase, glutaredoxin and protein disulfide isomerase in tomato pollen.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- ethephon-treatmente5
- Gene
- glutathione-disulfide reductase, glutaredoxin and protein disulfide isomerasee6
- Outcome
- abundancee6
- Direction
- highere6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Tomato Pollen Grains”
e5“up-regulation of protective mechanisms against oxidative stress was observed following ethephon-treatment”
e6“including higher abundance of glutathione-disulfide reductase, glutaredoxin and protein disulfide isomerase”
Claim · model-written summary
A total of 1355 proteins were identified in developing tomato pollen grains.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Organ / stage
- developing pollen grainse0
- Outcome
- proteins were identifiede7
- Value
- 1355 proteinse7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Tomato Pollen Grains”
e7“a total of 1355 proteins were identified”
e0“in developing pollen grains”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing ethylene levels with ethephon before heat-stress exposure increased tomato pollen quality.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Organ / stage
- pollene0
- Treatment
- ethephone0
- Outcome
- pollen qualitye0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Tomato Pollen Grains”
e0“increasing ethylene levels by using an ethylene-releasing substance, ethephon, prior to heat-stress exposure, increased pollen quality”
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