Abstract
Under excessive application of nitrogen fertilizer, vegetables can accumulate high levels of nitrate in their vegetative body and, when consumed by living organisms, pose serious health-related risks for humans. Regarding such problems, it is necessary to minimize the accumulation of nitrate in leafy vegetables. Therefore, a pot experiment was conducted to evaluate bentonite levels (0, 20, 40, 60, 80 g/kg soil) application and urea fertilization times (25, 50, 75 days after sowing; at the rate of 0.2 g per pot) on the growth, development and nitrate accumulation of spinach. Results showed that urea fertilization on 25 days after sowing date had the highest effect on the quality, while application of 60 gr bentonite had the highest effect on the improvement of growth parameters of spinach. The lowest nitrate and nitrite accumulation rate was observed at urea fertilization on 50 days after planting and lack of bentonite application, whereas the lowest oxalic acid content was obtained at urea fertilization on 25 days after planting in a soil without bentonite application. The results showed that implementing an appropriate rate of bentonite and urea fertilization times may bring about favorable results for spinach production.
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Claims 5
Claim · model-written summary
Urea fertilization 25 days after sowing gave the highest quality effect.
- Taxon
- spinach
Spinacia oleraceat0 - Treatment
- urea fertilization on 25 days after sowing datee0
- Outcome
- qualitye0
- Direction
- higheste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“urea fertilization on 25 days after sowing date had the highest effect on the quality”
t0“Spinach (Spinacia oleraceaeL.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Application of 60 gr bentonite gave the highest improvement in spinach growth parameters.
- Taxon
- spinachSpinacia oleraceae0
- Treatment
- 60 gr bentonitee0
- Outcome
- growth parameterse0
- Direction
- higheste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“application of 60 gr bentonite had the highest effect on the improvement of growth parameters of spinach.”
Claim · model-written summary
Urea fertilization 50 days after planting without bentonite gave the lowest nitrate and nitrite accumulation.
- Taxon
- spinachSpinacia oleraceat0
- Treatment
- urea fertilization on 50 days after planting and lack of bentonite applicatione0
- Outcome
- nitrate and nitrite accumulation ratee0
- Direction
- loweste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The lowest nitrate and nitrite accumulation rate was observed at urea fertilization on 50 days after planting and lack of bentonite application”
t0“Spinach (Spinacia oleraceaeL.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Urea fertilization 25 days after planting without bentonite gave the lowest oxalic acid content.
- Taxon
- spinachSpinacia oleraceat0
- Treatment
- urea fertilization on 25 days after planting in a soil without bentonite applicatione0
- Outcome
- oxalic acid contente0
- Direction
- loweste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the lowest oxalic acid content was obtained at urea fertilization on 25 days after planting in a soil without bentonite application.”
t0“Spinach (Spinacia oleraceaeL.)”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors conclude that appropriate bentonite and urea timing may benefit spinach production.
- Taxon
- spinachSpinacia oleraceae0
- Outcome
- appropriate rate of bentonite and urea fertilization timese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“implementing an appropriate rate of bentonite and urea fertilization times may bring about favorable results for spinach production.”
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