Abstract
Experiments were carried out to find ways to prevent undesirably high nitrate contents in lettuce and high nitrate and oxalate contents in spinach. Treatments included manipulating the soil nutrient supply and the effects of processing and cooking on the reduction of nitrate and oxalate contents, and the maintenance of vitamins and minerals in the spinach. Best lettuce and spinach qualities, ie highest vitamin and mineral contents with lowest nitrate and oxalate levels, were achieved by fertilising them either with farm yard manure (FYM) or Ca(NO3)2+(NH4)2SO4(1: 1)+N-serve (nitrification inhibitor), at the rate of 178·5 kg N ha-1. High spinach yields were also obtained by fertilisation with urea at 178·5 kg N ha-1, but resulted in high nitrate and oxalate levels. Losses of vitamins A, B1, B2, niacin and C as well as minerals Ca, Fe, Mg, Na, K and P from spinach were smaller following freezing compared with canning, especially when 0·1% calcium citrate and 0·01% sodium ascorbate solutions were used for blanching at ∽77°C for 2 min. © 1997 SCI.
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Claims 6
Claim · model-written summary
Farm yard manure gave the best lettuce and spinach quality.
- Taxon
- lettuce and spinach
Spinacia oleracea
Lactuca sativae0 - Treatment
- farm yard manure (FYM)e0
- Outcome
- highest vitamin and mineral contents with lowest nitrate and oxalate levelse0
- Direction
- higheste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Best lettuce and spinach qualities, ie highest vitamin and mineral contents with lowest nitrate and oxalate levels, were achieved by fertilising them either with farm yard manure (FYM)”
Claim · model-written summary
Mixed fertilizer with nitrification inhibitor gave the best lettuce and spinach quality.
- Taxon
- lettuce and spinachSpinacia oleraceaLactuca sativae0
- Treatment
- Ca(NO3)2+(NH4)2SO4(1: 1)+N-serve (nitrification inhibitor), at the rate of 178·5 kg N ha-1e1
- Outcome
- highest vitamin and mineral contents with lowest nitrate and oxalate levelse0
- Direction
- higheste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Best lettuce and spinach qualities, ie highest vitamin and mineral contents with lowest nitrate and oxalate levels”
e1“Ca(NO3)2+(NH4)2SO4(1: 1)+N-serve (nitrification inhibitor), at the rate of 178·5 kg N ha-1”
Claim · model-written summary
Urea produced high spinach yields.
- Taxon
- spinachSpinacia oleraceae0
- Treatment
- urea at 178·5 kg N ha-1e0
- Outcome
- spinach yieldse0
- Direction
- Highe0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“High spinach yields were also obtained by fertilisation with urea at 178·5 kg N ha-1”
Claim · model-written summary
Urea resulted in high nitrate and oxalate levels in spinach.
- Taxon
- spinachSpinacia oleraceae0
- Treatment
- urea at 178·5 kg N ha-1e0
- Outcome
- nitrate and oxalate levelse0
- Direction
- highe0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“spinach yields were also obtained by fertilisation with urea at 178·5 kg N ha-1, but resulted in high nitrate and oxalate levels”
Claim · model-written summary
Freezing preserved spinach vitamins better than canning, especially with the specified blanching solutions.
- Taxon
- spinachSpinacia oleraceae0
- Treatment
- freezinge0
- Outcome
- Losses of vitamins A, B1, B2, niacin and Ce0
- Direction
- smallere0
- Qualifier
- especially when 0·1% calcium citrate and 0·01% sodium ascorbate solutions were used for blanching at ∽77°C for 2 mine0
- Comparator
- canninge0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Losses of vitamins A, B1, B2, niacin and C as well as minerals Ca, Fe, Mg, Na, K and P from spinach were smaller following freezing compared with canning, especially when 0·1% calcium citrate and 0·01% sodium ascorbate solutions were used for blanching at ∽77°C for 2 min”
Claim · model-written summary
Freezing preserved spinach minerals better than canning.
- Taxon
- spinachSpinacia oleraceae0
- Treatment
- freezinge0
- Outcome
- minerals Ca, Fe, Mg, Na, K and Pe0
- Direction
- smallere0
- Comparator
- canninge0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Losses of vitamins A, B1, B2, niacin and C as well as minerals Ca, Fe, Mg, Na, K and P from spinach were smaller following freezing compared with canning”
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See all 35 papers →8 of 9 groups shown: named compounds and organisms first, then groups whose results differ (checked claim by claim), then those with positive and negative results, then the smaller groups.
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.