Abstract
This study explored the effects of abiotic stress on anthocyanin accumulation and grain weight of purple wheat (Triticum aestivum L. cv. Guizi 1). Plants were treated with five abiotic stress factors at different developmental periods of the grain, then mature grains were analysed for anthocyanin content and 1000-grain weight (TGW). Stresses included temperature (cold and heat), light (shading irradiance and continuous irradiance), drought (20 and 40 mm PEG 6000), salinity (100 and 200 mm NaCl), and wounding (four types). Of all treatments, 25% tended to increase both anthocyanin content and TGW, although only 5% reached a significant level, 27.5% decreased both, 40% increased anthocyanins but decreased TGW, and 7.5% increased TGW but decreased anthocyanins. Heat stress tended to increase anthocyanin content and decrease TGW, whereas cold stress increased anthocyanins only at 15 days post-anthesis (DPA) and decreased both traits at other times. Shading irradiance decreased anthocyanins but had little effect on TGW. Continuous irradiance increased anthocyanins and TGW at 35 DPA but decreased both at 10 DPA. The lower levels of drought (20 mm PEG 6000) and salinity (100 mm NaCl) stress tended to increase anthocyanins and decrease TGW; however, the effects of 40 mm PEG 6000 and 200 mm NaCl were different, and were period-dependent. The four types of wounds increased anthocyanins and TGW at 30 DPA, but their individual effects were different in the other four periods. The results quantified the effects of five abiotic stress factors on anthocyanin accumulation and grain weight, and provide the foundation for further study of defence-responsive molecular mechanisms of abiotic stress in purple wheat.
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Claims 19
Claim · model-written summary
About 25% of all stress treatments tended to increase both anthocyanin content and grain weight, with only 5% significant.
- Taxon
- Triticum aestivum
Triticum aestivume0 - Material
- Guizi 1e0
- Treatment
- all treatmentse1
- Outcome
- anthocyanin content and TGWe1
- Direction
- increasee1
- Value
- 25%e1
- Qualifier
- only 5% reached a significant levele1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“purple wheat (Triticum aestivum L. cv. Guizi 1)”
e1“Of all treatments, 25% tended to increase both anthocyanin content and TGW, although only 5% reached a significant level, 27.5% decreased both”
Claim · model-written summary
About 27.5% of all stress treatments decreased both anthocyanin content and grain weight.
- Taxon
- Triticum aestivumTriticum aestivume0
- Material
- Guizi 1e0
- Treatment
- all treatmentse1
- Outcome
- anthocyanin content and TGWe1
- Direction
- decreasede1
- Value
- 27.5%e1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“purple wheat (Triticum aestivum L. cv. Guizi 1)”
e1“Of all treatments, 25% tended to increase both anthocyanin content and TGW, although only 5% reached a significant level, 27.5% decreased both”
Claim · model-written summary
About 40% of stress treatments increased anthocyanins.
- Taxon
- Triticum aestivumTriticum aestivume0
- Material
- Guizi 1e0
- Treatment
- all treatmentse1
- Outcome
- anthocyaninse2
- Direction
- increasede2
- Value
- 40%e2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“purple wheat (Triticum aestivum L. cv. Guizi 1)”
e1“Of all treatments, 25% tended to increase both anthocyanin content and TGW, although only 5% reached a significant level, 27.5% decreased both”
e2“40% increased anthocyanins but decreased TGW, and 7.5% increased TGW but decreased anthocyanins”
Claim · model-written summary
About 40% of stress treatments decreased grain weight (TGW).
- Taxon
- Triticum aestivumTriticum aestivume0
- Material
- Guizi 1e0
- Treatment
- all treatmentse1
- Outcome
- TGWe2
- Direction
- decreasede2
- Value
- 40%e2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“purple wheat (Triticum aestivum L. cv. Guizi 1)”
e1“Of all treatments, 25% tended to increase both anthocyanin content and TGW, although only 5% reached a significant level, 27.5% decreased both”
e2“40% increased anthocyanins but decreased TGW, and 7.5% increased TGW but decreased anthocyanins”
Claim · model-written summary
About 7.5% of stress treatments increased grain weight (TGW).
- Taxon
- Triticum aestivumTriticum aestivume0
- Material
- Guizi 1e0
- Treatment
- all treatmentse1
- Outcome
- TGWe2
- Direction
- increasede2
- Value
- 7.5%e2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“purple wheat (Triticum aestivum L. cv. Guizi 1)”
e1“Of all treatments, 25% tended to increase both anthocyanin content and TGW, although only 5% reached a significant level, 27.5% decreased both”
e2“40% increased anthocyanins but decreased TGW, and 7.5% increased TGW but decreased anthocyanins”
Claim · model-written summary
About 7.5% of stress treatments decreased anthocyanins.
- Taxon
- Triticum aestivumTriticum aestivume0
- Material
- Guizi 1e0
- Treatment
- all treatmentse1
- Outcome
- anthocyaninse2
- Direction
- decreasede2
- Value
- 7.5%e2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“purple wheat (Triticum aestivum L. cv. Guizi 1)”
e1“Of all treatments, 25% tended to increase both anthocyanin content and TGW, although only 5% reached a significant level, 27.5% decreased both”
e2“40% increased anthocyanins but decreased TGW, and 7.5% increased TGW but decreased anthocyanins”
Claim · model-written summary
Heat stress tended to increase anthocyanin content.
- Taxon
- Triticum aestivumTriticum aestivume0
- Material
- Guizi 1e0
- Treatment
- Heat stresse3
- Outcome
- anthocyanin contente3
- Direction
- increasee3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“purple wheat (Triticum aestivum L. cv. Guizi 1)”
e3“Heat stress tended to increase anthocyanin content and decrease TGW”
Claim · model-written summary
Heat stress decreased grain weight (TGW).
- Taxon
- Triticum aestivumTriticum aestivume0
- Material
- Guizi 1e0
- Treatment
- Heat stresse3
- Outcome
- TGWe3
- Direction
- decreasee3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“purple wheat (Triticum aestivum L. cv. Guizi 1)”
e3“Heat stress tended to increase anthocyanin content and decrease TGW”
Claim · model-written summary
Cold stress increased anthocyanins only at 15 days post-anthesis.
- Taxon
- Triticum aestivumTriticum aestivume0
- Material
- Guizi 1e0
- Treatment
- cold stresse4
- Outcome
- anthocyaninse4
- Direction
- increasede4
- Qualifier
- only at 15 days post-anthesis (DPA)e4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“purple wheat (Triticum aestivum L. cv. Guizi 1)”
e4“cold stress increased anthocyanins only at 15 days post-anthesis (DPA)”
Claim · model-written summary
Cold stress decreased both anthocyanins and grain weight at other times.
- Taxon
- Triticum aestivumTriticum aestivume0
- Material
- Guizi 1e0
- Treatment
- cold stresse5
- Outcome
- both traitse5
- Direction
- decreasede5
- Qualifier
- at other timese5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“purple wheat (Triticum aestivum L. cv. Guizi 1)”
e5“cold stress increased anthocyanins only at 15 days post-anthesis (DPA) and decreased both traits at other times”
Claim · model-written summary
Shading irradiance decreased anthocyanins.
- Taxon
- Triticum aestivumTriticum aestivume0
- Material
- Guizi 1e0
- Treatment
- Shading irradiancee6
- Outcome
- anthocyaninse6
- Direction
- decreasede6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“purple wheat (Triticum aestivum L. cv. Guizi 1)”
e6“Shading irradiance decreased anthocyanins but had little effect on TGW”
Claim · model-written summary
Shading irradiance had little effect on grain weight (TGW).
- Taxon
- Triticum aestivumTriticum aestivume0
- Material
- Guizi 1e0
- Treatment
- Shading irradiancee6
- Outcome
- TGWe6
- Direction
- little effecte6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“purple wheat (Triticum aestivum L. cv. Guizi 1)”
e6“Shading irradiance decreased anthocyanins but had little effect on TGW”
Claim · model-written summary
Continuous irradiance increased anthocyanins and grain weight at 35 DPA.
- Taxon
- Triticum aestivumTriticum aestivume0
- Material
- Guizi 1e0
- Treatment
- Continuous irradiancee7
- Outcome
- anthocyanins and TGWe7
- Direction
- increasede7
- Qualifier
- at 35 DPAe7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“purple wheat (Triticum aestivum L. cv. Guizi 1)”
e7“Continuous irradiance increased anthocyanins and TGW at 35 DPA but decreased both at 10 DPA”
Claim · model-written summary
Continuous irradiance decreased anthocyanins and grain weight at 10 DPA.
- Taxon
- Triticum aestivumTriticum aestivume0
- Material
- Guizi 1e0
- Treatment
- Continuous irradiancee7
- Outcome
- anthocyanins and TGWe7
- Direction
- decreasede7
- Qualifier
- at 10 DPAe7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“purple wheat (Triticum aestivum L. cv. Guizi 1)”
e7“Continuous irradiance increased anthocyanins and TGW at 35 DPA but decreased both at 10 DPA”
Claim · model-written summary
Lower levels of drought and salinity stress tended to increase anthocyanins.
- Taxon
- Triticum aestivumTriticum aestivume0
- Material
- Guizi 1e0
- Treatment
- drought (20 mm PEG 6000) and salinity (100 mm NaCl)e7
- Outcome
- anthocyaninse7
- Direction
- increasee7
- Qualifier
- lower levelse7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“purple wheat (Triticum aestivum L. cv. Guizi 1)”
e7“The lower levels of drought (20 mm PEG 6000) and salinity (100 mm NaCl) stress tended to increase anthocyanins and decrease TGW”
Claim · model-written summary
Lower levels of drought and salinity stress tended to decrease grain weight (TGW).
- Taxon
- Triticum aestivumTriticum aestivume0
- Material
- Guizi 1e0
- Treatment
- drought (20 mm PEG 6000) and salinity (100 mm NaCl)e7
- Outcome
- TGWe7
- Direction
- decreasee7
- Qualifier
- lower levelse7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“purple wheat (Triticum aestivum L. cv. Guizi 1)”
e7“The lower levels of drought (20 mm PEG 6000) and salinity (100 mm NaCl) stress tended to increase anthocyanins and decrease TGW”
Claim · model-written summary
The effects of 40 mm PEG 6000 and 200 mm NaCl differed and were period-dependent.
- Taxon
- Triticum aestivumTriticum aestivume0
- Material
- Guizi 1e0
- Outcome
- effectse6
- Qualifier
- period-dependente6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“purple wheat (Triticum aestivum L. cv. Guizi 1)”
e6“the effects of 40 mm PEG 6000 and 200 mm NaCl were different, and were period-dependent”
Claim · model-written summary
The four types of wounds increased anthocyanins and grain weight at 30 DPA.
- Taxon
- Triticum aestivumTriticum aestivume0
- Material
- Guizi 1e0
- Treatment
- four types of woundse5
- Outcome
- anthocyanins and TGWe5
- Direction
- increasede5
- Qualifier
- at 30 DPAe5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“purple wheat (Triticum aestivum L. cv. Guizi 1)”
e5“The four types of wounds increased anthocyanins and TGW at 30 DPA”
Claim · model-written summary
The individual effects of the four wound types differed in the other four periods.
- Taxon
- Triticum aestivumTriticum aestivume0
- Material
- Guizi 1e0
- Outcome
- individual effectse4
- Qualifier
- in the other four periodse4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“purple wheat (Triticum aestivum L. cv. Guizi 1)”
e4“their individual effects were different in the other four periods”
The same questions in other papers
light · quality: phytochemicals · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Positive and negative results
2 papers in the same direction as this paper · 7 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
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6 papers more in this group
See all 10 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.