Abstract
The changes in physiological properties and leaf ultrastructures caused by early nitrogen application for potatoes under drought stress were explored. Potato variety Chuanyu117 was used to conduct a controlled experiment in a sand medium. Nutrient solution treatments (0.84, 1.26, 1.68 and 2.10) were administered, followed by severe drought, moderate drought, and normal (control) water treatments (45, 60, and 75% of soil saturation moisture capacity) in the seedling stage of potatoes. Early additional nitrogen application maintained chlorophyll content in potato leaves under drought stress and increased activities of protective enzymes in the plants. Severe and moderate drought stress treatments resulted in the smallest reductions in chlorophyll content compared with the control and largest increases in POD and CAT activities. Under the same water conditions, potato with high nitrogen treatment (1.68 g N L-1) had significantly higher net photosynthetic rate (Pn), stomatal conductance (Gs), transpiration rate (Tr), and intercellular CO2 concentration (Ci) than other nitrogen treatment levels; the highest levels of these photosynthetic parameters were obtained under the normal water condition. As drought stress increased, the degree of damage to chloroplasts and mitochondria in potato leaves gradually increased and the number of starch grains increased; however, with increases in the nitrogen application level, the degree of damage to chloroplasts and mitochondria gradually decreased. Early additional nitrogen application had mitigative effects on the damage to cellular structures of potato leaves under drought stress and could improve gas exchange and increase absorption and utilization of light energy in potato leaves. Further, the adaptive capacity of photosynthetic structures in potato leaves increased, leading to greater drought resistance in potato. However, with increases in the nitrogen levels, drought resistance of potato showed an initially increasing trend that decreased subsequently, suggesting that over-application of nitrogen reduced drought resistance in potato. Key words: Early nitrogen application, drought stress, physiological properties, photosynthetic parameters, ultrastructure.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
Early additional nitrogen maintained leaf chlorophyll content under drought stress.
- Taxon
- potato
Solanum tuberosume0 - Organ / stage
- leavese0
- Treatment
- Early additional nitrogen applicatione0
- Outcome
- chlorophyll contente0
- Direction
- maintainede0
- Qualifier
- under drought stresse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Early additional nitrogen application maintained chlorophyll content in potato leaves under drought stress”
Claim · model-written summary
Early additional nitrogen increased protective enzyme activities in potato under drought stress.
- Taxon
- potatoesSolanum tuberosumt0
- Treatment
- Early additional nitrogen applicatione0
- Outcome
- activities of protective enzymese0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Early additional nitrogen application maintained chlorophyll content in potato leaves under drought stress and increased activities of protective enzymes in the plants.”
t0“potatoes under drought stress”
Claim · model-written summary
Under severe and moderate drought, potato had the smallest chlorophyll reductions relative to the control.
- Taxon
- potatoesSolanum tuberosumt0
- Treatment
- Severe and moderate drought stress treatmentse0
- Outcome
- chlorophyll contente0
- Direction
- smallest reductionse0
- Comparator
- the controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Severe and moderate drought stress treatments resulted in the smallest reductions in chlorophyll content compared with the control”
t0“potatoes”
Claim · model-written summary
Under severe and moderate drought, potato POD and CAT activities showed the largest increases.
- Taxon
- potatoesSolanum tuberosumt0
- Treatment
- Severe and moderate drought stress treatmentse0
- Gene
- POD and CATe0
- Outcome
- POD and CAT activitiese0
- Direction
- largest increasese0
- Comparator
- the controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Severe and moderate drought stress treatments resulted in the smallest reductions in chlorophyll content compared with the control and largest increases in POD and CAT activities.”
t0“potatoes”
Claim · model-written summary
At the same water level, 1.68 g N L-1 gave significantly higher net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance and transpiration rate than other nitrogen levels.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosume0
- Treatment
- high nitrogen treatment (1.68 g N L-1)e0
- Outcome
- net photosynthetic rate (Pn), stomatal conductance (Gs), transpiration rate (Tr)e0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- other nitrogen treatment levelse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Under the same water conditions, potato with high nitrogen treatment (1.68 g N L-1) had significantly higher net photosynthetic rate (Pn), stomatal conductance (Gs), transpiration rate (Tr), and intercellular CO2 concentration (Ci) than other nitrogen treatment levels”
Claim · model-written summary
At the same water level, 1.68 g N L-1 gave significantly higher intercellular CO2 concentration than other nitrogen levels.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosume0
- Treatment
- high nitrogen treatment (1.68 g N L-1)e0
- Outcome
- intercellular CO2 concentration (Ci)e0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- other nitrogen treatment levelse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Under the same water conditions, potato with high nitrogen treatment (1.68 g N L-1) had significantly higher net photosynthetic rate (Pn), stomatal conductance (Gs), transpiration rate (Tr), and intercellular CO2 concentration (Ci) than other nitrogen treatment levels”
Claim · model-written summary
Photosynthetic parameters were highest under normal water conditions.
- Taxon
- potatoesSolanum tuberosumt0
- Treatment
- normal water conditione0
- Outcome
- photosynthetic parameterse0
- Direction
- higheste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the highest levels of these photosynthetic parameters were obtained under the normal water condition”
t0“potatoes”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing drought stress progressively increased damage to potato leaf chloroplasts and mitochondria.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosume0
- Organ / stage
- leavese0
- Treatment
- drought stresse0
- Outcome
- degree of damage to chloroplasts and mitochondriae0
- Direction
- increasede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“As drought stress increased, the degree of damage to chloroplasts and mitochondria in potato leaves gradually increased”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing drought stress increased the number of starch grains in potato leaves.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosume0
- Organ / stage
- leavese0
- Treatment
- drought stresse0
- Outcome
- number of starch grainse0
- Direction
- increasede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“As drought stress increased, the degree of damage to chloroplasts and mitochondria in potato leaves gradually increased and the number of starch grains increased”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing nitrogen application decreased damage to potato leaf chloroplasts and mitochondria.
- Taxon
- potatoesSolanum tuberosumt0
- Treatment
- nitrogen application levele0
- Outcome
- degree of damage to chloroplasts and mitochondriae0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“with increases in the nitrogen application level, the degree of damage to chloroplasts and mitochondria gradually decreased”
t0“potatoes”
Claim · model-written summary
Potato drought resistance initially increased and then decreased with increasing nitrogen levels.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosume0
- Treatment
- nitrogen levelse0
- Outcome
- drought resistancee0
- Direction
- initially increasing trend that decreased subsequentlye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“with increases in the nitrogen levels, drought resistance of potato showed an initially increasing trend that decreased subsequently”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors infer that over-application of nitrogen reduced potato drought resistance.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosume0
- Treatment
- over-application of nitrogene0
- Outcome
- drought resistancee0
- Direction
- reducede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“suggesting that over-application of nitrogen reduced drought resistance in potato”
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Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.