Abstract
Moderate soil drying imposed at the post-anthesis stage significantly increases starch accumulation in inferior grains of rice, but how this process is regulated at the level of gene expression remains unclear. In this study, we applied moderate drying (MD) treatments to the soil at the post-anthesis stage and followed the dynamics of the conversion process of soluble sugars to starch in inferior grains using RNA-seq analysis. An elevated level of ABA induced by MD was consistently associated with down-regulation of ABA8ox2, suggesting that lower expression of this gene may be responsible for the higher ABA content, potentially resulting in better filling in inferior grains. In addition, MD treatments up-regulated genes encoding five key enzymes involved sucrose-to-starch conversion and increased the activities of enzymes responsible for soluble-sugar reduction and starch accumulation in inferior grains. Differentially expressed transcription factors, including NAC, GATA, WRKY, and M-type MADS, were predicted to interact with other proteins in mediating filling of inferior grains as a response to MD. Transient expression analysis showed that NAC activated WAXY expression by binding to its promoter, indicating that NAC played a key role in starch synthesis of inferior grains under MD treatment. Our results provide new insights into the molecular mechanisms that regulate grain filling in inferior grains of rice under moderate soil drying.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Moderate soil drying significantly increased starch accumulation in inferior rice grains.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativae0 - Organ / stage
- inferior grainse0
- Treatment
- Moderate soil dryinge0
- Outcome
- starch accumulatione0
- Direction
- increasese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Moderate soil drying imposed at the post-anthesis stage significantly increases starch accumulation in inferior grains of rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Moderate drying raised ABA levels in inferior rice grains.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Organ / stage
- inferior grainst1
- Treatment
- MDe0
- Outcome
- elevated level of ABAe0
- Direction
- elevatede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“An elevated level of ABA induced by MD was consistently associated with down-regulation of ABA8ox2”
t0“rice”
t1“inferior grains”
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated ABA under moderate drying was associated with ABA8ox2 down-regulation in rice.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Gene
- ABA8ox2e0
- Compound
- ABAe0
- Outcome
- down-regulation of ABA8ox2e0
- Direction
- down-regulatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“An elevated level of ABA induced by MD was consistently associated with down-regulation of ABA8ox2”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors suggest that lower ABA8ox2 expression may account for higher ABA and better filling of inferior rice grains.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Gene
- ABA8ox2e1
- Compound
- ABAe0
- Outcome
- better filling in inferior grainse0
- Qualifier
- may be responsible for the higher ABA contente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“lower expression of this gene may be responsible for the higher ABA content, potentially resulting in better filling in inferior grains”
e1“down-regulation of ABA8ox2”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Moderate drying up-regulated rice genes encoding five enzymes for sucrose-to-starch conversion.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- MD treatmentse0
- Outcome
- genes encoding five key enzymes involved sucrose-to-starch conversione0
- Direction
- up-regulatede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“MD treatments up-regulated genes encoding five key enzymes involved sucrose-to-starch conversion”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Moderate drying increased activities of enzymes involved in sugar reduction and starch accumulation in inferior rice grains.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Organ / stage
- inferior grainse0
- Treatment
- MD treatmentse0
- Outcome
- activities of enzymes responsible for soluble-sugar reduction and starch accumulatione0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“MD treatments up-regulated genes encoding five key enzymes involved sucrose-to-starch conversion and increased the activities of enzymes responsible for soluble-sugar reduction and starch accumulation in inferior grains”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Differentially expressed NAC, GATA, WRKY and M-type MADS transcription factors were predicted to interact with proteins mediating rice inferior grain filling under moderate drying.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Gene
- NAC, GATA, WRKY, and M-type MADSe0
- Outcome
- filling of inferior grainse0
- Qualifier
- predicted to interact with other proteinse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Differentially expressed transcription factors, including NAC, GATA, WRKY, and M-type MADS, were predicted to interact with other proteins in mediating filling of inferior grains as a response to MD”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
NAC activated WAXY expression by binding its promoter in transient expression analysis.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Gene
- NACe0
- Outcome
- WAXY expressione0
- Qualifier
- binding to its promotere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Transient expression analysis showed that NAC activated WAXY expression by binding to its promoter”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors infer that NAC plays a key role in starch synthesis of inferior rice grains under moderate drying.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- MD treatmente0
- Gene
- NACe0
- Outcome
- starch synthesis of inferior grainse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“NAC played a key role in starch synthesis of inferior grains under MD treatment”
t0“rice”
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