Abstract
Six varieties were chosen from three different maturity groups: Galina and NS Princeza (0), Sava and NS Apolo (I), and Rubin and NS Zita (II) in order to examine the effect of priming on germination energy depending on soybean seed age. The seeds were produced in the period from 2012 to 2014, i.e., one- to three-year-old seeds were used. The following treatments were used for priming: distilled water - hydropriming (H2O), ascorbic acid 250 mg/l (ASA), folic acid 15 mg/l (Fol.), hydrogen peroxide 1% (H2O2), and control - non-treated seeds (C). Results showed that the effects of priming depended on the variety, seed age, as well as on the applied treatment. Some varieties reacted to priming very well, while others had an inhibited reaction, so germination energy was significantly reduced. Rubin variety had the most favourable reaction, whereby all treatments of this variety led to an increase of quality, with an average increase of 2-8%. The application of primers on one-year-old soybean seeds had a weaker effect than on two- and three-year-old seeds. However, one-year-old seeds had minor oscillations in quality due to priming. The application of priming on one-year-old seeds can lead to an increase or decrease of germination energy by 3%, while two- and three-year-old seeds reached 7%. The results showed that seed priming in ascorbic acid had a positive effect, while the application of other primers did not affect the value of germination energy, nor did it lead to a decrease of its value. Ascorbic acid activity led to the largest increase in the quality of three-year-old soybean seeds by 2.83%, while the increase in the quality of two- and three-year-old seeds was 1.87%. Therefore, we can conclude that there is no universal use of one single primer, as it might not be suitable for each particular variety and can ultimately result in the seed quality decrease.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
Priming effects on soybean germination energy depended on variety, seed age, and applied treatment.
- Taxon
- soybean
Glycine maxt0 - Outcome
- germination energye1
- Qualifier
- variety, seed age, as well as on the applied treatmente0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the effects of priming depended on the variety, seed age, as well as on the applied treatment”
t0“soybean seed”
e1“effect of priming on germination energy depending on soybean seed age”
Claim · model-written summary
Priming significantly reduced germination energy in some varieties.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- primingt0
- Outcome
- germination energye0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Qualifier
- otherse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“others had an inhibited reaction, so germination energy was significantly reduced”
t0“Effect of soybean seed priming”
Claim · model-written summary
All priming treatments increased quality of Rubin seeds by an average of 2–8%.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Material
- Rubine0
- Treatment
- all treatmentse0
- Outcome
- qualitye0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Value
- 2-8%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Rubin variety had the most favourable reaction, whereby all treatments of this variety led to an increase of quality, with an average increase of 2-8%”
t0“soybean seed”
Claim · model-written summary
Primers had a weaker effect on one-year-old soybean seeds than on two- and three-year-old seeds.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Organ / stage
- one-year-old soybean seedse0
- Treatment
- primerse0
- Outcome
- effecte0
- Direction
- weakere0
- Comparator
- two- and three-year-old seedse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The application of primers on one-year-old soybean seeds had a weaker effect than on two- and three-year-old seeds”
Claim · model-written summary
One-year-old soybean seeds showed minor quality oscillations after priming.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Organ / stage
- one-year-old seedse0
- Outcome
- oscillations in qualitye0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“one-year-old seeds had minor oscillations in quality due to priming”
t0“soybean seed”
Claim · model-written summary
Priming could increase or decrease one-year-old soybean germination energy by 3%.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Organ / stage
- one-year-old seedse0
- Treatment
- priminge0
- Outcome
- germination energye0
- Direction
- increase or decreasee0
- Value
- 3%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“priming on one-year-old seeds can lead to an increase or decrease of germination energy by 3%”
t0“soybean seed”
Claim · model-written summary
Priming changed germination energy of two- and three-year-old seeds by as much as 7%.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Organ / stage
- two- and three-year-old seedse0
- Treatment
- priminge1
- Outcome
- germination energye1
- Value
- 7%e0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“two- and three-year-old seeds reached 7%”
e1“priming on one-year-old seeds can lead to an increase or decrease of germination energy by 3%”
t0“soybean seed”
Claim · model-written summary
Ascorbic acid priming had a positive effect on germination energy.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- priming in ascorbic acide0
- Outcome
- germination energye1
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“seed priming in ascorbic acid had a positive effect”
e1“effect of priming on germination energy depending on soybean seed age”
t0“soybean seed”
Claim · model-written summary
Other primers did not affect germination energy.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- other primerse0
- Outcome
- germination energye0
- Direction
- did not affecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the application of other primers did not affect the value of germination energy”
t0“soybean seed”
Claim · model-written summary
Ascorbic acid gave the largest quality increase in three-year-old soybean seeds, 2.83%.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Organ / stage
- three-year-old soybean seedse0
- Treatment
- Ascorbic acide0
- Outcome
- qualitye0
- Direction
- largest increasee0
- Value
- 2.83%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Ascorbic acid activity led to the largest increase in the quality of three-year-old soybean seeds by 2.83%”
Claim · model-written summary
The reported quality increase for two- and three-year-old seeds was 1.87%.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Organ / stage
- two- and three-year-old seedse0
- Outcome
- qualitye0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Value
- 1.87%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the increase in the quality of two- and three-year-old seeds was 1.87%”
t0“soybean seed”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors conclude no single primer suits every soybean variety because seed quality can decrease.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Outcome
- no universal use of one single primere0
- Qualifier
- seed quality decreasee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“there is no universal use of one single primer, as it might not be suitable for each particular variety and can ultimately result in the seed quality decrease”
t0“soybean seed”
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