Abstract
Summary Cox's Orange apple trees were sprayed about mid December and mid January with aqueous solutions of the acetates of calcium, magnesium, potassium, and sodium, and of superphosphate and borax to attempt to control bitter pit in the fruit in orchards on two differing soil types. Analysis showed that use of the sprays altered the chemical composition of both fruit and leaves. Both fruit and leaves changed in composition and dry‐matter content between mid January and harvest time in February or March, not only in respect of mineral and nitrogen content but also in the amounts of acids and sugars present. In one season the calcium spray highly significantly reduced the amount of bitter pit at Annesbrook orchard, but was not significantly beneficial in the second season. On the Moutere Hills orchard in this second season calcium gave the best results, although not significantly so. Potassium in the three trials was very detrimental, significantly increasing the amount of pitting. Sodium and magnesium were detrimental also. High dry‐matter and ash contents and high values of the ratio K/Ca in the fruit were associated with increased amounts of bitter pit Chemical data for leader leaves appear to be more valuable than those for spur leaves for diagnostic purposes; high calcium content and high values for the Ca/K ratio are associated with a reduction in bitter pit in the fruit.
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record, shown for indexing and research. Copyright remains with the authors or the publisher. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Sprays altered fruit and leaf chemical composition.
- Taxon
- apple
Malus domesticae1 - Treatment
- the sprayse0
- Outcome
- chemical composition of both fruit and leavese0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“use of the sprays altered the chemical composition of both fruit and leaves”
e1“Cox's Orange apple trees were sprayed about mid December and mid January with aqueous solutions of the acetates of calcium, magnesium, potassium, and sodium, and of superphosphate and borax”
Claim · model-written summary
Fruit and leaves changed in composition and dry matter from mid January to harvest.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticae1
- Outcome
- composition and dry‐matter contente0
- Qualifier
- between mid January and harvest time in February or Marche0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Both fruit and leaves changed in composition and dry‐matter content between mid January and harvest time in February or March, not only in respect of mineral and nitrogen content but also in the amounts of acids and sugars present”
e1“Cox's Orange apple trees”
Claim · model-written summary
Calcium spray significantly reduced bitter pit at Annesbrook in one season.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticae1
- Treatment
- calcium spraye0
- Outcome
- amount of bitter pite0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Setting
- Annesbrook orcharde0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In one season the calcium spray highly significantly reduced the amount of bitter pit at Annesbrook orchard”
e1“Cox's Orange apple trees”
Claim · model-written summary
Calcium was not significantly beneficial in the second season.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticae2
- Treatment
- calcium spraye1
- Outcome
- amount of bitter pite1
- Qualifier
- second seasone0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“but was not significantly beneficial in the second season”
e1“the calcium spray highly significantly reduced the amount of bitter pit at Annesbrook orchard”
e2“Cox's Orange apple trees”
Claim · model-written summary
Calcium gave the best but nonsignificant result at Moutere Hills in the second season.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticae2
- Treatment
- calciume0
- Outcome
- amount of bitter pite1
- Direction
- beste0
- Setting
- Moutere Hills orcharde0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“On the Moutere Hills orchard in this second season calcium gave the best results, although not significantly so”
e1“amount of bitter pit”
e2“Cox's Orange apple trees”
Claim · model-written summary
Potassium significantly increased pitting across three trials.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticae1
- Treatment
- Potassiume0
- Outcome
- amount of pittinge0
- Direction
- increasinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Potassium in the three trials was very detrimental, significantly increasing the amount of pitting”
e1“Cox's Orange apple trees”
Claim · model-written summary
Sodium was detrimental for apple bitter pit.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticae2
- Treatment
- Sodiume0
- Outcome
- amount of pittinge1
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Sodium and magnesium were detrimental also”
e1“amount of pitting”
e2“Cox's Orange apple trees”
Claim · model-written summary
magnesium was detrimental for apple bitter pit.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticae2
- Treatment
- magnesiume0
- Outcome
- amount of pittinge1
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Sodium and magnesium were detrimental also”
e1“amount of pitting”
e2“Cox's Orange apple trees”
Claim · model-written summary
Higher fruit dry matter, ash and K/Ca ratio were associated with more bitter pit.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticae1
- Organ / stage
- fruite0
- Outcome
- amounts of bitter pite0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- High dry‐matter and ash contents and high values of the ratio K/Cae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“High dry‐matter and ash contents and high values of the ratio K/Ca in the fruit were associated with increased amounts of bitter pit”
e1“Cox's Orange apple trees”
Claim · model-written summary
Leader-leaf chemical data appeared more useful for diagnosis than spur-leaf data.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticae1
- Organ / stage
- leader leavese0
- Outcome
- diagnostic purposese0
- Direction
- more valuablee0
- Comparator
- those for spur leavese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Chemical data for leader leaves appear to be more valuable than those for spur leaves for diagnostic purposes”
e1“Cox's Orange apple trees”
Claim · model-written summary
High leader-leaf calcium content and Ca/K ratio were associated with less fruit bitter pit.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticae2
- Organ / stage
- leader leavese1
- Outcome
- bitter pit in the fruite0
- Direction
- reductione0
- Qualifier
- high calcium content and high values for the Ca/K ratioe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“high calcium content and high values for the Ca/K ratio are associated with a reduction in bitter pit in the fruit”
e1“Chemical data for leader leaves”
e2“Cox's Orange apple trees”