Abstract
The possibility of synthetic auxin applications in crops increases the risk of injury to sensitive plants. The aim of this study was to quantify the drift of herbicides sprayed in a wind tunnel and the injury in cotton plants. The experimental design was a completely randomized design with five treatments and four replications. The tested spray solutions were dicamba (0.250 L c.p. ha−1), glyphosate (0.625 L c.p. ha−1), 2,4-D (0.250 L c.p. ha−1), glyphosate + 2,4-D (0.625 L c.p. ha−1 + 0.250 L c.p. ha−1), and glyphosate + dicamba (0.625 L c.p. ha−1 + 0.250 L c.p. ha−1). Drift was quantified in a wind tunnel, collected at distances of 5, 10, and 15 m in relation to the spray tip. Cotton plants were placed in the same wind tunnel and the injury was visually evaluated for at 3, 7, and 15 days after application (DAA). The addition of glyphosate to dicamba and 2,4-D potentiated the drift from 5 m. At 10 and 15 m, dicamba and 2,4-D in isolation had the lowest drift potential. At 5 m, the injury is higher than at other distances regardless of the spray solution. At 10 m, 2,4-D in isolation presented the highest injury when compared to dicamba in isolation at 7 and 15 DAA. At 10 and 15 m, the addition of glyphosate to dicamba enhances the injury in cotton plants and herbicide mixtures do not differ from each other in relation to injury.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Adding glyphosate to dicamba increased drift from 5 m.
- Taxon
- cotton plants
Gossypium hirsutume1 - Treatment
- glyphosatee0
- Outcome
- drifte0
- Direction
- potentiatede0
- Comparator
- dicambae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The addition of glyphosate to dicamba and 2,4-D potentiated the drift from 5 m.”
e1“injury in cotton plants.”
Claim · model-written summary
Adding glyphosate to 2,4-D increased drift from 5 m.
- Taxon
- cotton plantsGossypium hirsutume1
- Treatment
- glyphosatee0
- Outcome
- drifte0
- Direction
- potentiatede0
- Comparator
- 2,4-De0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The addition of glyphosate to dicamba and 2,4-D potentiated the drift from 5 m.”
e1“injury in cotton plants.”
Claim · model-written summary
Dicamba alone had among the lowest drift at 10 and 15 m.
- Taxon
- cotton plantsGossypium hirsutume1
- Treatment
- dicambae0
- Outcome
- drift potentiale0
- Direction
- loweste0
- Setting
- 10 and 15 me0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“At 10 and 15 m, dicamba and 2,4-D in isolation had the lowest drift potential.”
e1“injury in cotton plants.”
Claim · model-written summary
2,4-D alone had among the lowest drift at 10 and 15 m.
- Taxon
- cotton plantsGossypium hirsutume1
- Treatment
- 2,4-De0
- Outcome
- drift potentiale0
- Direction
- loweste0
- Setting
- 10 and 15 me0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“At 10 and 15 m, dicamba and 2,4-D in isolation had the lowest drift potential.”
e1“injury in cotton plants.”
Claim · model-written summary
Cotton injury was higher at 5 m than at other distances.
- Taxon
- cotton plantsGossypium hirsutume1
- Outcome
- injurye0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- other distancese0
- Setting
- 5 me0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“At 5 m, the injury is higher than at other distances regardless of the spray solution.”
e1“injury in cotton plants.”
Claim · model-written summary
At 10 m, 2,4-D alone caused more injury than dicamba alone at 7 and 15 DAA.
- Taxon
- cotton plantsGossypium hirsutume1
- Treatment
- 2,4-De0
- Outcome
- injurye0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Qualifier
- 7 and 15 DAAe0
- Comparator
- dicambae0
- Setting
- 10 me0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“At 10 m, 2,4-D in isolation presented the highest injury when compared to dicamba in isolation at 7 and 15 DAA.”
e1“injury in cotton plants.”
Claim · model-written summary
At 10 and 15 m, glyphosate added to dicamba enhanced cotton injury.
- Taxon
- cotton plantsGossypium hirsutume0
- Treatment
- addition of glyphosate to dicambae0
- Outcome
- injurye0
- Direction
- enhancese0
- Comparator
- dicambae0
- Setting
- 10 and 15 me0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“At 10 and 15 m, the addition of glyphosate to dicamba enhances the injury in cotton plants and herbicide mixtures do not differ from each other in relation to injury.”
Claim · model-written summary
The herbicide mixtures did not differ in cotton injury.
- Taxon
- cotton plantsGossypium hirsutume0
- Treatment
- herbicide mixturese0
- Outcome
- injurye0
- Direction
- do not differe0
- Comparator
- each othere0
- Setting
- 10 and 15 me0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“At 10 and 15 m, the addition of glyphosate to dicamba enhances the injury in cotton plants and herbicide mixtures do not differ from each other in relation to injury.”
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See all 39 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.