Abstract
The importance of magnesium (Mg) for plant growth is well-documented. Silicon (Si)-mediated alleviation of mineral deficiencies has been also reported in a number of plant species; however, there is no report on the relevance of Si nutrition in plants grown in Mg-deficient condition. Therefore, in the present work, an attempt was undertaken to study the role of Si nutrition in maize plants exposed to Mg deficiency. Plants were grown either under low (0.02 mM) or normal (0.5 mM) levels of Mg, with or without Si supplement. We have shown that Mg-deficient plants treated with Si maintained their growth and increased significantly the levels of chlorophyll and soluble sugars compared to those plants which did not receive Si. In addition, the concentrations of hexose-P, and glycolytic intermediate metabolites—mainly organic acids (isocitric and glutamic acids)—were increased in response to Si nutrition, which was associated with an increase in the levels of stress amino acids such as gamma-aminobutyric-acid (GABA), serine and glycine, as well as polyamines putrescine, which overall contributed to Mg stress tolerance. In addition, Si enhanced the levels of phytohormones cytokinin iso-pentenyladenine (IP), iso-pentenyladenine riboside (IPR), jasmonic acid (JA) and its derivate l-isoleucine (JA-ILE). The increase in cytokinin maintained the growth of Mg-deficient plants, while JA and JA-IEA were induced in response to carbohydrates accumulation. Altogether, our study reveals the vital role of Si under Mg deficiency by regulating plant primary metabolite and hormonal changes.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Silicon maintained growth in Mg-deficient maize compared with no silicon.
- Treatment
- Sie0
- Outcome
- growthe0
- Direction
- maintainede0
- Qualifier
- Mg-deficiente0
- Comparator
- those plants which did not receive Sie0
Zea maysOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Mg-deficient plants treated with Si maintained their growth and increased significantly the levels of chlorophyll and soluble sugars compared to those plants which did not receive Si”
t0“Maize Plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Silicon significantly increased chlorophyll and soluble sugar levels under Mg deficiency.
- Treatment
- Sie0
- Outcome
- levels of chlorophyll and soluble sugarse0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- Mg-deficiente0
- Comparator
- those plants which did not receive Sie0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Mg-deficient plants treated with Si maintained their growth and increased significantly the levels of chlorophyll and soluble sugars compared to those plants which did not receive Si”
t0“Maize Plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Silicon increased hexose-P concentrations.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the concentrations of hexose-P, and glycolytic intermediate metabolites—mainly organic acids (isocitric and glutamic acids)—were increased in response to Si nutrition”
t0“Maize Plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Silicon increased glycolytic intermediate metabolites, chiefly isocitric and glutamic acids.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“glycolytic intermediate metabolites—mainly organic acids (isocitric and glutamic acids)—were increased in response to Si nutrition”
t0“Maize Plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Silicon was associated with higher stress amino acids GABA, serine and glycine.
- Treatment
- Si nutritione1
- Outcome
- levels of stress amino acids such as gamma-aminobutyric-acid (GABA), serine and glycinee0
- Direction
- increasee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“which was associated with an increase in the levels of stress amino acids such as gamma-aminobutyric-acid (GABA), serine and glycine, as well as polyamines putrescine”
t0“Maize Plants”
e1“in response to Si nutrition”
Claim · model-written summary
Silicon was associated with higher putrescine.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“an increase in the levels of stress amino acids such as gamma-aminobutyric-acid (GABA), serine and glycine, as well as polyamines putrescine”
t0“Maize Plants”
e1“in response to Si nutrition”
Claim · model-written summary
Silicon enhanced cytokinin IP and IPR levels.
- Treatment
- Sie0
- Outcome
- levels of phytohormones cytokinin iso-pentenyladenine (IP), iso-pentenyladenine riboside (IPR)e0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Si enhanced the levels of phytohormones cytokinin iso-pentenyladenine (IP), iso-pentenyladenine riboside (IPR), jasmonic acid (JA) and its derivate l-isoleucine (JA-ILE)”
t0“Maize Plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Silicon enhanced JA and JA-ILE levels.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Si enhanced the levels of phytohormones cytokinin iso-pentenyladenine (IP), iso-pentenyladenine riboside (IPR), jasmonic acid (JA) and its derivate l-isoleucine (JA-ILE)”
t0“Maize Plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Increased cytokinin maintained growth of Mg-deficient maize.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The increase in cytokinin maintained the growth of Mg-deficient plants”
t0“Maize Plants”
Claim · model-written summary
JA and JA-IEA were induced in response to carbohydrate accumulation.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“JA and JA-IEA were induced in response to carbohydrates accumulation”
t0“Maize Plants”
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