Abstract
Nitrogen (N) is one of the major essential elements for crop growth and development and is extensively used in modern agriculture to maximize crop yields. Identification of genotypes with efficient N capture and utilization ability can help reduce production costs and N pollution risks. The study of regulatory mechanisms controlling N uptake, assimilation and recycling is essential to identify marker traits controlling N use efficiency under low and high input systems in maize. The objective of this study was to understand various physiological and biochemical attributes associated with N use efficiency and simultaneously to study the differences in response pattern between maize genotypes (parents and their derived hybrid) at both high and low N levels. Application of N significantly increased the content of various biochemical constituents (total soluble sugars, total soluble proteins, total starch content, activity of nitrate reductase (NR), glutamine synthetase (GS), glutamate synthase (GOGAT) and PEP carboxylase enzymes) being maximum at RDN+50% in two sets of maize genotypes (late and early maturing). There was a decreasing pattern in N use efficiency (NUE) values with increasing fertilizer rates in both late and early maturing genotypes. The high NUE and high grain yield for PMH 1(late maturing) and JH 3459 (early maturing) hybrids as compared to their parents (LM 13, LM 14;a and CM 143, CM 144) was due to high photosynthetic capacity associated with increased activity of PEP carboxylase and high N metabolic efficiency which was associated with increased activity of enzymes associated with N metabolism (nitrate reductase, glutamine synthetase and glutamate synthase) and ability to reallocate the surplus of absorbed N to the grain (more N harvest index).
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Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
N application significantly increased total soluble sugars, total soluble proteins and total starch content in maize genotypes, maximal at RDN+50%.
- Treatment
- Application of Ne0
- Outcome
- total soluble sugars, total soluble proteins, total starch contente0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- maximum at RDN+50%e0
Zea maysNot reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Application of N significantly increased the content of various biochemical constituents (total soluble sugars, total soluble proteins, total starch content, activity of nitrate reductase (NR), glutamine synthetase (GS), glutamate synthase (GOGAT) and PEP carboxylase enzymes) being maximum at RDN+50% in two sets of maize genotypes (late and early maturing)”
Claim · model-written summary
N application significantly increased nitrate reductase, glutamine synthetase and glutamate synthase activity in maize genotypes, maximal at RDN+50%.
- Treatment
- Application of Ne0
- Outcome
- activity of nitrate reductase (NR), glutamine synthetase (GS), glutamate synthase (GOGAT)e0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- maximum at RDN+50%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Application of N significantly increased the content of various biochemical constituents (total soluble sugars, total soluble proteins, total starch content, activity of nitrate reductase (NR), glutamine synthetase (GS), glutamate synthase (GOGAT) and PEP carboxylase enzymes) being maximum at RDN+50% in two sets of maize genotypes (late and early maturing)”
Claim · model-written summary
N application significantly increased PEP carboxylase activity in maize genotypes, maximal at RDN+50%.
- Treatment
- Application of Ne0
- Outcome
- PEP carboxylase enzymese0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- maximum at RDN+50%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Application of N significantly increased the content of various biochemical constituents (total soluble sugars, total soluble proteins, total starch content, activity of nitrate reductase (NR), glutamine synthetase (GS), glutamate synthase (GOGAT) and PEP carboxylase enzymes) being maximum at RDN+50% in two sets of maize genotypes (late and early maturing)”
Claim · model-written summary
N use efficiency (NUE) decreased with increasing fertilizer rates in both late and early maturing maize genotypes.
- Treatment
- increasing fertilizer ratese0
- Outcome
- N use efficiency (NUE) valuese0
- Direction
- decreasinge0
- Qualifier
- both late and early maturing genotypese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“variable nitrogen application rates in maize”
e0“There was a decreasing pattern in N use efficiency (NUE) values with increasing fertilizer rates in both late and early maturing genotypes”
Claim · model-written summary
Late-maturing hybrid PMH 1 had higher NUE and grain yield than its parents LM 13 and LM 14;a.
- Material
- PMH 1(late maturing)e0
- Outcome
- NUE and high grain yielde0
- Direction
- highe0
- Comparator
- LM 13, LM 14;ae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“variable nitrogen application rates in maize”
e0“The high NUE and high grain yield for PMH 1(late maturing) and JH 3459 (early maturing) hybrids as compared to their parents (LM 13, LM 14;a and CM 143, CM 144)”
Claim · model-written summary
Early-maturing hybrid JH 3459 had higher NUE and grain yield than its parents CM 143 and CM 144.
- Material
- JH 3459 (early maturing)e0
- Outcome
- NUE and high grain yielde0
- Direction
- highe0
- Comparator
- CM 143, CM 144e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“variable nitrogen application rates in maize”
e0“The high NUE and high grain yield for PMH 1(late maturing) and JH 3459 (early maturing) hybrids as compared to their parents (LM 13, LM 14;a and CM 143, CM 144)”
Claim · model-written summary
The high NUE of the hybrids was attributed to high photosynthetic capacity with increased PEP carboxylase activity and N-metabolism enzyme activity, and to reallocation of surplus N to the grain.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“variable nitrogen application rates in maize”
e0“The high NUE and high grain yield for PMH 1(late maturing) and JH 3459 (early maturing) hybrids as compared to their parents (LM 13, LM 14;a and CM 143, CM 144) was due to high photosynthetic capacity associated with increased activity of PEP carboxylase and high N metabolic efficiency which was associated with increased activity of enzymes associated with N metabolism (nitrate reductase, glutamine synthetase and glutamate synthase) and ability to reallocate the surplus of absorbed N to the grain (more N harvest index)”
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See all 34 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.