Abstract
This study was conducted to investigate abnormal shoot responses in Pinus densiflora seedlings to open-field warming and precipitation manipulation. In May 2017, 18 plots (2 temperature levels × 3 precipitation levels × 3 replicates) were constructed and 90 seedlings of 1-year-old P. densiflora were planted in each plot. The temperature in the temperature warming (TW) plots was set to 3℃ higher than that in the temperature control (TC) plots, and precipitation was set to decrease (PD) or increase (PI) by 40% compared to the precipitation control (PC) plots. The manipulation experiment started in June, 2017. The abnormal shoot occurrence rates in September and November, 2017; seedling number in each needle length growth stage in September, 2017; and length of abnormal shoots in November, 2017 were measured. Warming significantly increased the occurrence rate and developed the needle length growth stage of abnormal shoots in P. densiflora seedlings, whereas precipitation and interaction effects between the two treatments were not significant. The mean occurrence rates in September and November were 86.17 ± 11.80% and 90.78 ± 7.92% in the TW plots and 58.59 ± 16.13% and 64.80 ± 14.71% in the TC plots, respectively. Thus, the abnormal conditions derived from increased temperature stimulated the occurrence of abnormal shoots. Warming also elongated the needle length of the abnormal shoots, which might affect future photosynthesis. However, there was no significant difference in abnormal shoot length under warming and precipitation manipulation. Thus, warming stimulated the occurrence and needle development of abnormal shoots in P. densiflora seedlings, which could lead to the inhibition of subsequent growth by the use of reserved nutrients and degradation of seedling quality.
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Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
Warming significantly increased abnormal shoot occurrence in pine seedlings.
- Taxon
- Pinus densiflora
Pinus densiflorat0 - Treatment
- Warminge0
- Outcome
- occurrence ratee0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Warming significantly increased the occurrence rate and developed the needle length growth stage of abnormal shoots in P. densiflora seedlings”
t0“Pinus densiflora”
Claim · model-written summary
Warming advanced the needle length growth stage of abnormal shoots.
- Taxon
- Pinus densifloraPinus densiflorat0
- Treatment
- Warminge0
- Outcome
- needle length growth stage of abnormal shootse0
- Direction
- developede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Warming significantly increased the occurrence rate and developed the needle length growth stage of abnormal shoots in P. densiflora seedlings”
t0“Pinus densiflora”
Claim · model-written summary
Precipitation and its interaction with warming had no significant effect on abnormal shoot occurrence or needle development.
- Taxon
- Pinus densifloraPinus densiflorat0
- Treatment
- precipitatione0
- Outcome
- abnormal shoot occurrence ratese1
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“precipitation and interaction effects between the two treatments were not significant”
e1“abnormal shoot occurrence rates”
t0“Pinus densiflora”
Claim · model-written summary
Abnormal shoot occurrence in September was 86.17 ± 11.80% under warming and 58.59 ± 16.13% in controls.
- Taxon
- Pinus densifloraPinus densiflorat0
- Outcome
- occurrence rates in Septembere0
- Value
- 86.17 ± 11.80%e0
- Qualifier
- 58.59 ± 16.13%e0
- Comparator
- TC plotse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“mean occurrence rates in September and November were 86.17 ± 11.80% and 90.78 ± 7.92% in the TW plots and 58.59 ± 16.13% and 64.80 ± 14.71% in the TC plots, respectively”
t0“Pinus densiflora”
Claim · model-written summary
Abnormal shoot occurrence in November was 90.78 ± 7.92% under warming and 64.80 ± 14.71% in controls.
- Taxon
- Pinus densifloraPinus densiflorat0
- Outcome
- occurrence rates in September and Novembere0
- Value
- 90.78 ± 7.92%e0
- Qualifier
- 64.80 ± 14.71%e0
- Comparator
- TC plotse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“mean occurrence rates in September and November were 86.17 ± 11.80% and 90.78 ± 7.92% in the TW plots and 58.59 ± 16.13% and 64.80 ± 14.71% in the TC plots, respectively”
t0“Pinus densiflora”
Claim · model-written summary
Warming elongated abnormal shoot needle length.
- Taxon
- Pinus densifloraPinus densiflorat0
- Treatment
- Warminge0
- Outcome
- needle length of the abnormal shootse0
- Direction
- elongatede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Warming also elongated the needle length of the abnormal shoots”
t0“Pinus densiflora”
Claim · model-written summary
Abnormal shoot length did not differ significantly under warming and precipitation manipulation.
- Taxon
- Pinus densifloraPinus densiflorat0
- Treatment
- warming and precipitation manipulatione0
- Outcome
- abnormal shoot lengthe0
- Direction
- no significant differencee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“no significant difference in abnormal shoot length under warming and precipitation manipulation”
t0“Pinus densiflora”
The same questions in other papers
heat · growth · Pinus densiflora (Japanese red pine)Positive and negative results
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- positive
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See all 5 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.