Abstract
Silicon application can improve productivity outcomes for salt stressed plants. Here, we describe how strawberry plants respond to treatments including various combinations of salt stress and nano-silicon dioxide, and assess whether nano-silicon dioxide improves strawberry plant tolerance to salt stress. Strawberry plants were treated with salt (0, 25 or 50 mM NaCl), and the nano-silicon dioxide treatments were applied to the strawberry plants before (0, 50 and 100 mg L−1) or after (0 and 50 mg L−1) flowering. The salt stress treatments reduced plant biomass, chlorophyll content, and leaf relative water content (RWC) as expected. Relative to control (no NaCl) plants the salt treated plants had 10% lower membrane stability index (MSI), 81% greater proline content, and 54% greater cuticular transpiration; as well as increased canopy temperature and changes in the structure of the epicuticular wax layer. The plants treated with nano-silicon dioxide were better able to maintain epicuticular wax structure, chlorophyll content, and carotenoid content and accumulated less proline relative to plants treated only with salt and no nano-silicon dioxide. Analysis of scanning electron microscopic (SEM) images revealed that the salt treatments resulted in changes in epicuticular wax type and thickness, and that the application of nano-silicon dioxide suppressed the adverse effects of salinity on the epicuticular wax layer. Nano-silicon dioxide treated salt stressed plants had increased irregular (smoother) crystal wax deposits in their epicuticular layer. Together these observations indicate that application of nano-silicon dioxide can limit the adverse anatomical and biochemical changes related to salt stress impacts on strawberry plants and that this is, in part, associated with epicuticular wax deposition.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Salt reduced strawberry biomass, chlorophyll content, and leaf relative water content.
- Taxon
- strawberry Plants
_single2.jpg?width=60)
Fragaria ×ananassat0 - Treatment
- salt stress treatmentse0
- Outcome
- plant biomass, chlorophyll content, and leaf relative water content (RWC)e0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_single2.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“The salt stress treatments reduced plant biomass, chlorophyll content, and leaf relative water content (RWC)”
t0“Strawberry Plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Salt-treated strawberry had 10% lower membrane stability index than controls.
- Taxon
- Strawberry PlantsFragaria ×ananassat0
- Treatment
- salte0
- Outcome
- membrane stability index (MSI)e0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Value
- 10%e0
- Comparator
- control (no NaCl) plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Relative to control (no NaCl) plants the salt treated plants had 10% lower membrane stability index (MSI)”
t0“Strawberry Plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Salt-treated strawberry had 81% greater proline content than controls.
- Taxon
- Strawberry PlantsFragaria ×ananassat0
- Treatment
- salte0
- Outcome
- proline contente0
- Direction
- greatere0
- Value
- 81%e0
- Comparator
- control (no NaCl) plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Relative to control (no NaCl) plants the salt treated plants had 10% lower membrane stability index (MSI), 81% greater proline content”
t0“Strawberry Plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Salt-treated strawberry had 54% greater cuticular transpiration than controls.
- Taxon
- Strawberry PlantsFragaria ×ananassat0
- Treatment
- salte0
- Outcome
- cuticular transpiratione0
- Direction
- greatere0
- Value
- 54%e0
- Comparator
- control (no NaCl) plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Relative to control (no NaCl) plants the salt treated plants had 10% lower membrane stability index (MSI), 81% greater proline content, and 54% greater cuticular transpiration”
t0“Strawberry Plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Salt increased canopy temperature in strawberry.
- Taxon
- Strawberry PlantsFragaria ×ananassat0
- Treatment
- salte0
- Outcome
- canopy temperaturee0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the salt treated plants had 10% lower membrane stability index (MSI), 81% greater proline content, and 54% greater cuticular transpiration; as well as increased canopy temperature”
t0“Strawberry Plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Salt changed strawberry epicuticular wax type and thickness.
- Taxon
- Strawberry PlantsFragaria ×ananassat0
- Treatment
- salt treatmentse0
- Outcome
- epicuticular wax type and thicknesse0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the salt treatments resulted in changes in epicuticular wax type and thickness”
t0“Strawberry Plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Nano-silicon dioxide helped salt-stressed strawberry maintain epicuticular wax structure, chlorophyll, and carotenoid contents.
- Taxon
- Strawberry PlantsFragaria ×ananassat0
- Treatment
- nano-silicon dioxidee0
- Outcome
- epicuticular wax structure, chlorophyll content, and carotenoid contente0
- Direction
- better able to maintaine0
- Comparator
- plants treated only with salt and no nano-silicon dioxidee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The plants treated with nano-silicon dioxide were better able to maintain epicuticular wax structure, chlorophyll content, and carotenoid content and accumulated less proline relative to plants treated only with salt and no nano-silicon dioxide”
t0“Strawberry Plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Nano-silicon dioxide reduced proline accumulation in salt-stressed strawberry.
- Taxon
- Strawberry PlantsFragaria ×ananassat0
- Treatment
- nano-silicon dioxidet0
- Outcome
- prolinee0
- Direction
- lesse0
- Comparator
- plants treated only with salt and no nano-silicon dioxidee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“accumulated less proline relative to plants treated only with salt and no nano-silicon dioxide”
t0“Application of Nano-Silicon Dioxide Improves Salt Stress Tolerance in Strawberry Plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Nano-silicon dioxide suppressed salinity-related damage to strawberry epicuticular wax.
- Taxon
- Strawberry PlantsFragaria ×ananassat0
- Treatment
- application of nano-silicon dioxidee0
- Outcome
- adverse effects of salinity on the epicuticular wax layere0
- Direction
- suppressede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the application of nano-silicon dioxide suppressed the adverse effects of salinity on the epicuticular wax layer”
t0“Strawberry Plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Nano-silicon dioxide increased irregular smoother crystal wax deposits in salt-stressed strawberry.
- Taxon
- Strawberry PlantsFragaria ×ananassat0
- Treatment
- Nano-silicon dioxidee0
- Outcome
- irregular (smoother) crystal wax depositse0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Nano-silicon dioxide treated salt stressed plants had increased irregular (smoother) crystal wax deposits in their epicuticular layer”
t0“Strawberry Plants”
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