Abstract
Salinity stress is one of the most serious impacts of climate changes on agriculture production, especially in salt sensitive crop plants, like strawberry. Currently, the utilization of nanomolecules in agriculture is thought to be a useful strategy to compact abiotic and biotic stresses. This study aimed to investigate the effect of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) on the in vitro growth, ions uptake, biochemical and anatomical responses of two strawberry cvs (Camarosa and Sweet Charlie) under NaCl-induced salt stress. A 2x3x3 factorial experiment was conducted, with three levels of ZnO-NPs (0, 15 and 30 mg 1-l) and three levels of NaCl-induced salt stress (0, 35 and 70 mM). The results showed that increased levels of NaCl in the medium had led to decrease in shoot fresh weight and proliferative potential. The cv Camarosa was found to be relatively more tolerant to salt stress. Additionally, salt stress leads to an accumulation of toxic ions (Na + and Cl-), as well as a decrease in K + uptake. However, application of ZnO-NPs at a concentration of 15 mg 1-l was found to alleviate these effects by increasing or stabilizing growth traits, decreasing the accumulation of toxic ions and the Na+/K + ratio, and increasing K + uptake. Additionally, this treatment led to elevated levels of catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD) and proline content. The positive impacts of ZnO-NPs application were reflected on the leaf anatomical features, being better adapted to salt stress. The study highlighted the efficiency of utilizing tissue culture technique in screening of strawberry cultivars for salinity tolerance under the influence of NPs.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Higher NaCl decreased shoot fresh weight and proliferative potential.
- Taxon
- strawberry
_single2.jpg?width=60)
Fragaria ×ananassat0 - Treatment
- NaCle0
- Outcome
- shoot fresh weight and proliferative potentiale0
- Direction
- decreasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_single2.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“increased levels of NaCl in the medium had led to decrease in shoot fresh weight and proliferative potential”
t0“strawberry”
Claim · model-written summary
Camarosa was relatively more salt tolerant.
- Taxon
- strawberryFragaria ×ananassat0
- Material
- Camarosae0
- Outcome
- tolerant to salt stresse0
- Direction
- moree0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The cv Camarosa was found to be relatively more tolerant to salt stress”
t0“strawberry”
Claim · model-written summary
Salt stress increased Na and Cl accumulation.
- Taxon
- strawberryFragaria ×ananassat0
- Treatment
- salt stresse0
- Outcome
- accumulation of toxic ions (Na + and Cl-)e0
- Direction
- accumulatione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“salt stress leads to an accumulation of toxic ions (Na + and Cl-)”
t0“strawberry”
Claim · model-written summary
Salt stress decreased K uptake.
- Taxon
- strawberryFragaria ×ananassat0
- Treatment
- salt stresse1
- Outcome
- K + uptakee0
- Direction
- decreasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“as well as a decrease in K + uptake”
t0“strawberry”
e1“salt stress leads to an accumulation”
Claim · model-written summary
ZnO nanoparticles increased or stabilized growth traits under salinity.
- Taxon
- strawberryFragaria ×ananassat0
- Treatment
- ZnO-NPs at a concentration of 15 mg 1-le0
- Outcome
- growth traitse0
- Direction
- increasing or stabilizinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“application of ZnO-NPs at a concentration of 15 mg 1-l was found to alleviate these effects by increasing or stabilizing growth traits”
t0“strawberry”
Claim · model-written summary
ZnO nanoparticles decreased toxic ion accumulation and Na/K ratio.
- Taxon
- strawberryFragaria ×ananassat0
- Treatment
- ZnO-NPs at a concentration of 15 mg 1-le1
- Outcome
- accumulation of toxic ions and the Na+/K + ratioe0
- Direction
- decreasinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“decreasing the accumulation of toxic ions and the Na+/K + ratio”
t0“strawberry”
e1“application of ZnO-NPs at a concentration of 15 mg 1-l”
Claim · model-written summary
ZnO nanoparticles increased K uptake.
- Taxon
- strawberryFragaria ×ananassat0
- Treatment
- ZnO-NPs at a concentration of 15 mg 1-le1
- Outcome
- K + uptakee0
- Direction
- increasinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“and increasing K + uptake”
t0“strawberry”
e1“application of ZnO-NPs at a concentration of 15 mg 1-l”
Claim · model-written summary
ZnO nanoparticle treatment elevated catalase, peroxidase and proline.
- Taxon
- strawberryFragaria ×ananassat0
- Treatment
- this treatmente0
- Outcome
- catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD) and proline contente0
- Direction
- elevatede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“this treatment led to elevated levels of catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD) and proline content”
t0“strawberry”
Claim · model-written summary
ZnO nanoparticle treatment improved adaptation of leaf anatomy to salinity.
- Taxon
- strawberryFragaria ×ananassat0
- Treatment
- ZnO-NPs applicatione0
- Outcome
- leaf anatomical featurese0
- Direction
- better adaptede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The positive impacts of ZnO-NPs application were reflected on the leaf anatomical features, being better adapted to salt stress”
t0“strawberry”
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