Abstract
For 3 yr, herbicide treatments of preplant trifluralin (α,α,α-trifluoro-2,6-dinitro- N,N -dipropyl- p -toluidine), postemergence diuron [3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea], both herbicides, or none were superimposed on cotton ( Gossypium hirsutum L. ‘Acala SJ-2′) grown on beds centered at 102 cm using a single row or two rows spaced 28 cm apart. Cotton stand, after thinning, was 5.1 plants/m in each cotton row. Herbicides controlled annual weeds regardless of planting pattern. Cultivation, without herbicides, controlled annual grass weeds much better in cotton grown in single rows than in double rows. Preplant applications of trifluralin did not influence populations of cotton plants, regardless of row pattern. Single- and double-row plots treated with trifluralin always yielded more than untreated double rows. In two of three seasons, however, single-row plots without herbicides yielded as much as those treated with trifluralin. The lower yields in the double-row cotton were associated with reduced annual grass control especially in plots not treated with trifluralin. Weed control treatments or planting patterns did not influence the occurrence of Pythium ultimum Trow or Rhizoctonia solani Kühn on cotton seedlings. The presence of Thielaviopsis basicola (Berk & Br.) Ferr. on cotton seedlings was not influenced by planting pattern but was increased by trifluralin in the third year of the study. Percentage of cotton plants with symptoms of verticillium wilt ( Verticillium dahliae Kleb.) was not influenced by weed control treatments, but the percentage of diseased plants was higher in single-row than in double-row planting patterns. We attribute this response to fewer plants per hectare in single rows compared to double rows.
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Claims 14
Claim · model-written summary
Herbicides controlled annual weeds regardless of planting pattern.
- Taxon
- cotton
Gossypium hirsutume1 - Treatment
- Herbicidese0
- Interactor
- annual weedse0weed
- Outcome
- annual weedse0
- Direction
- controllede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Herbicides controlled annual weeds regardless of planting pattern”
e1“cotton ( Gossypium hirsutum L.”
Claim · model-written summary
Without herbicides, cultivation controlled annual grass weeds better in single-row than double-row cotton.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutume0
- Treatment
- Cultivation, without herbicidese0
- Interactor
- annual grass weedse0weed
- Outcome
- annual grass weedse0
- Direction
- much bettere0
- Comparator
- double rowse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Cultivation, without herbicides, controlled annual grass weeds much better in cotton grown in single rows than in double rows”
Claim · model-written summary
Trifluralin did not influence cotton plant populations across row patterns.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutume0
- Treatment
- Preplant applications of trifluraline0
- Outcome
- populations of cotton plantse0
- Direction
- did not influencee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Preplant applications of trifluralin did not influence populations of cotton plants, regardless of row pattern”
Claim · model-written summary
Trifluralin-treated single-row plots yielded more than untreated double rows.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutume1
- Treatment
- trifluraline0
- Outcome
- yieldede0
- Direction
- moree0
- Qualifier
- Single- and double-row plotse0
- Comparator
- untreated double rowse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Single- and double-row plots treated with trifluralin always yielded more than untreated double rows”
e1“cotton ( Gossypium hirsutum L.”
Claim · model-written summary
Trifluralin-treated double-row plots yielded more than untreated double rows.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutume1
- Treatment
- trifluraline0
- Outcome
- yieldede0
- Direction
- moree0
- Qualifier
- double-row plotse0
- Comparator
- untreated double rowse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Single- and double-row plots treated with trifluralin always yielded more than untreated double rows”
e1“cotton ( Gossypium hirsutum L.”
Claim · model-written summary
In two of three seasons, untreated single-row plots yielded as much as trifluralin-treated plots.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutume1
- Treatment
- without herbicidese0
- Outcome
- yieldede0
- Direction
- as much ase0
- Qualifier
- two of three seasonse0
- Comparator
- those treated with trifluraline0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In two of three seasons, however, single-row plots without herbicides yielded as much as those treated with trifluralin”
e1“cotton ( Gossypium hirsutum L.”
Claim · model-written summary
Lower double-row yields were associated with poorer annual grass control.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutume0
- Interactor
- annual grasse0weed
- Outcome
- lower yieldse0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Qualifier
- especially in plots not treated with trifluraline0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The lower yields in the double-row cotton were associated with reduced annual grass control especially in plots not treated with trifluralin”
Claim · model-written summary
Weed control treatments and planting patterns did not affect Pythium ultimum occurrence on cotton seedlings.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutume0
- Treatment
- Weed control treatments or planting patternse0
- Interactor
- Pythium ultimum TrowGlobisporangium ultimume0pathogen
- Outcome
- occurrence of Pythium ultimum Trowe0
- Direction
- did not influencee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Weed control treatments or planting patterns did not influence the occurrence of Pythium ultimum Trow or Rhizoctonia solani Kühn on cotton seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Weed control treatments and planting patterns did not affect Rhizoctonia solani occurrence on cotton seedlings.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutume0
- Treatment
- Weed control treatments or planting patternse0
- Interactor
- Rhizoctonia solani Kühn
Rhizoctonia solanie0pathogen - Outcome
- Rhizoctonia solani Kühn on cotton seedlingse0
- Direction
- did not influencee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Weed control treatments or planting patterns did not influence the occurrence of Pythium ultimum Trow or Rhizoctonia solani Kühn on cotton seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Planting pattern did not influence Thielaviopsis basicola presence on cotton seedlings.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutume0
- Treatment
- planting patterne0
- Interactor
- Thielaviopsis basicola (Berk & Br.) Ferr.
Berkeleyomyces basicolae0pathogen - Outcome
- presence of Thielaviopsis basicola (Berk & Br.) Ferr. on cotton seedlingse0
- Direction
- not influencede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The presence of Thielaviopsis basicola (Berk & Br.) Ferr. on cotton seedlings was not influenced by planting pattern”
Claim · model-written summary
Trifluralin increased Thielaviopsis basicola presence on cotton seedlings in year three.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutume0
- Treatment
- trifluraline0
- Interactor
- Thielaviopsis basicola (Berk & Br.) Ferr.Berkeleyomyces basicolae0pathogen
- Outcome
- presence of Thielaviopsis basicola (Berk & Br.) Ferr. on cotton seedlingse0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- third year of the studye0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The presence of Thielaviopsis basicola (Berk & Br.) Ferr. on cotton seedlings was not influenced by planting pattern but was increased by trifluralin in the third year of the study”
Claim · model-written summary
Weed control treatments did not influence the percentage of cotton plants with verticillium wilt symptoms.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutume0
- Treatment
- weed control treatmentse0
- Interactor
- Verticillium dahliae Kleb.
Verticillium dahliaee0pathogen - Outcome
- Percentage of cotton plants with symptoms of verticillium wilte0
- Direction
- not influencede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Percentage of cotton plants with symptoms of verticillium wilt ( Verticillium dahliae Kleb.) was not influenced by weed control treatments”
Claim · model-written summary
The percentage of diseased cotton plants was higher in single-row than double-row plantings.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutume1
- Treatment
- single-rowe0
- Outcome
- percentage of diseased plantse0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- double-rowe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the percentage of diseased plants was higher in single-row than in double-row planting patterns”
e1“cotton ( Gossypium hirsutum L.”
Claim · model-written summary
Authors attributed greater disease in single rows to fewer plants per hectare.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutume2
- Outcome
- percentage of diseased plantse1
- Qualifier
- fewer plants per hectare in single rows compared to double rowse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“We attribute this response to fewer plants per hectare in single rows compared to double rows”
e1“percentage of diseased plants was higher in single-row than in double-row planting patterns”
e2“cotton ( Gossypium hirsutum L.”
The same questions in other papers
trifluralin · pest · Gossypium hirsutum (cotton)Positive and negative results
1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- positive
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trifluralin · yield · Gossypium hirsutum (cotton)Positive and negative results
4 papers in the same direction as this paper · 4 in the opposite direction
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- negative
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See all 9 papers →herbicide · weed · Gossypium hirsutum (cotton)Positive and negative results
99 papers in the same direction as this paper · 7 in the opposite direction · 1 reporting no difference from an alternative
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See all 108 papers →herbicide · yield · Gossypium hirsutum (cotton)Positive and negative results
58 papers in the same direction as this paper · 123 reporting no difference from an alternative
- positive
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178 papers more in this group
See all 182 papers →herbicide · Rhizoctonia solani · Gossypium hirsutum (cotton)Results agree
2 papers in the same direction as this paper
- negative
- no effect
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.