Abstract
The weedy annual grass Lamium amplexicaule (L.) originated from the Mediterranean region, spreads quickly, and becomes naturalized in areas it invades. It was assumed that volatile phytotoxic substances are one of the invasive characteristics of L. amplexicaule. However, no volatile compound has been found. Therefore, we re-evaluated the allelopathic potential of L. amplexicaule and investigated the phytotoxic substances with allelopathic activity. An extract of L. amplexicaule inhibited the root and shoot growth of Lepidium sativum, Lactuca sativa, Arctium lappa, Lolium multiflorum Lam., Echinochloa crus-galli, and Vulpia myuros, which indicates that the extract has an allelopathic effect. The extract was purified using bioassay-guided chromatographic separations, and a phytotoxic substance with allelopathic activity was isolated and characterized as methyl caffeate. The compound significantly inhibited the root and shoot growth of L. sativum and L. multiflorum. The present results suggest that methyl caffeate may contribute to the allelopathic effect of the L. amplexicaule extracts and consequently, may be partly responsible for the invasive characteristics of the species.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Lamium amplexicaule extract inhibited Lepidium sativum roots and shoots.
- Taxon
- Lepidium sativum
Lepidium sativume0 - Treatment
- An extract of L. amplexicaulee0
- Interactor
- L. amplexicaulee0weed
- Outcome
- root and shoot growthe0
- Direction
- inhibitede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“An extract of L. amplexicaule inhibited the root and shoot growth of Lepidium sativum, Lactuca sativa, Arctium lappa, Lolium multiflorum Lam., Echinochloa crus-galli, and Vulpia myuros”
Claim · model-written summary
Lamium amplexicaule extract inhibited Lactuca sativa roots and shoots.
- Taxon
- Lactuca sativa
Lactuca sativae0 - Treatment
- An extract of L. amplexicaulee0
- Interactor
- L. amplexicaulee0weed
- Outcome
- root and shoot growthe0
- Direction
- inhibitede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“An extract of L. amplexicaule inhibited the root and shoot growth of Lepidium sativum, Lactuca sativa, Arctium lappa, Lolium multiflorum Lam., Echinochloa crus-galli, and Vulpia myuros”
Claim · model-written summary
Lamium amplexicaule extract inhibited Arctium lappa roots and shoots.
- Taxon
- Arctium lappa
Arctium lappae0 - Treatment
- An extract of L. amplexicaulee0
- Interactor
- L. amplexicaulee0weed
- Outcome
- root and shoot growthe0
- Direction
- inhibitede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“An extract of L. amplexicaule inhibited the root and shoot growth of Lepidium sativum, Lactuca sativa, Arctium lappa, Lolium multiflorum Lam., Echinochloa crus-galli, and Vulpia myuros”
Claim · model-written summary
Lamium amplexicaule extract inhibited Lolium multiflorum roots and shoots.
- Taxon
- Lolium multiflorum Lam.
Lolium multiflorume0 - Treatment
- An extract of L. amplexicaulee0
- Interactor
- L. amplexicaulee0weed
- Outcome
- root and shoot growthe0
- Direction
- inhibitede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“An extract of L. amplexicaule inhibited the root and shoot growth of Lepidium sativum, Lactuca sativa, Arctium lappa, Lolium multiflorum Lam., Echinochloa crus-galli, and Vulpia myuros”
Claim · model-written summary
Lamium amplexicaule extract inhibited Echinochloa crus-galli roots and shoots.
- Taxon
- Echinochloa crus-galli
Echinochloa crus-gallie0 - Treatment
- An extract of L. amplexicaulee0
- Interactor
- L. amplexicaulee0weed
- Outcome
- root and shoot growthe0
- Direction
- inhibitede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“An extract of L. amplexicaule inhibited the root and shoot growth of Lepidium sativum, Lactuca sativa, Arctium lappa, Lolium multiflorum Lam., Echinochloa crus-galli, and Vulpia myuros”
Claim · model-written summary
Lamium amplexicaule extract inhibited Vulpia myuros roots and shoots.
- Taxon
- Vulpia myuros
.jpg?width=60)
Festuca myurose0 - Treatment
- An extract of L. amplexicaulee0
- Interactor
- L. amplexicaulee0weed
- Outcome
- root and shoot growthe0
- Direction
- inhibitede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“An extract of L. amplexicaule inhibited the root and shoot growth of Lepidium sativum, Lactuca sativa, Arctium lappa, Lolium multiflorum Lam., Echinochloa crus-galli, and Vulpia myuros”
Claim · model-written summary
Methyl caffeate was isolated as a phytotoxic allelopathic substance from Lamium amplexicaule.
- Taxon
- Lamium amplexicaule
Lamium amplexicaulet0 - Outcome
- phytotoxic substance with allelopathic activitye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Lamium amplexicaule”
e0“a phytotoxic substance with allelopathic activity was isolated and characterized as methyl caffeate”
Claim · model-written summary
Methyl caffeate significantly inhibited root and shoot growth of L. sativum.
- Taxon
- L. sativumLepidium sativume0
- Treatment
- methyl caffeatee1
- Outcome
- root and shoot growthe0
- Direction
- inhibitede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The compound significantly inhibited the root and shoot growth of L. sativum and L. multiflorum.”
e1“characterized as methyl caffeate”
Claim · model-written summary
Methyl caffeate significantly inhibited root and shoot growth of L. multiflorum.
- Taxon
- L. multiflorumLolium multiflorume0
- Treatment
- methyl caffeatee1
- Outcome
- root and shoot growthe0
- Direction
- inhibitede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The compound significantly inhibited the root and shoot growth of L. sativum and L. multiflorum.”
e1“characterized as methyl caffeate”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors suggest methyl caffeate contributes to extract allelopathy and invasiveness.
- Taxon
- Lamium amplexicauleLamium amplexicaulet0
- Compound
- methyl caffeatee0
- Outcome
- invasive characteristics of the speciese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Lamium amplexicaule”
e0“methyl caffeate may contribute to the allelopathic effect of the L. amplexicaule extracts and consequently, may be partly responsible for the invasive characteristics of the species”
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See all 271 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.