Abstract
Phytotoxic substances in plants that may serve as alternative natural herbicides for controlling weeds are required for sustainable agriculture. We explored the phytotoxic activities of aqueous methanol extracts of Senna garrettiana (Craib) Irwin & Barneby leaves and the active substances they contain. The results revealed that the S. garrettiana leaf extracts had significant phytotoxic effects on three dicotyledons (Lepidium sativum L., Lactuca sativa L., and Medicago sativa L.) and two monocotyledons (Phleum pratense L. and Lolium multiflorum Lam.). An bioassay-guided isolation process yielded three active substances; caffeic acid, methyl caffeate, and (S)-6-hydroxymellein inhibited the seed germination, seedling growth, and biomass accumulation of L. sativum in a concentration-dependent manner. Based on the concentration required for 50% growth inhibition (IC50), (S)-6-hydroxymellein had the highest inhibitory effects on L. sativum in all test parameters, followed by methyl caffeate and caffeic acid. The L. sativum roots were the most susceptible to (S)-6-hydroxymellein (IC50 = 383 µM) and caffeic acid (IC50 = 2627 µM), whereas methyl caffeate (IC50 = 1361 µM) had the greatest effect on the L. sativum shoots. Thus, three isolated compounds may explain the phytotoxic effects of the S. garrettiana extracts. Consequently, caffeic acid, methyl caffeate, and (S)-6-hydroxymellein could be potential candidates for the future production of bioherbicides.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
S. garrettiana leaf extracts had significant phytotoxic effects on Lepidium sativum, Lactuca sativa and Medicago sativa.
- Taxon
- Lepidium sativum L., Lactuca sativa L., and Medicago sativa L.
Medicago sativa
Lactuca sativa
Lepidium sativume1 - Treatment
- S. garrettiana leaf extractse1
- Outcome
- phytotoxic effectse1
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“the S. garrettiana leaf extracts had significant phytotoxic effects on three dicotyledons (Lepidium sativum L., Lactuca sativa L., and Medicago sativa L.) and two monocotyledons (Phleum pratense L. and Lolium multiflorum Lam.)”
Claim · model-written summary
S. garrettiana leaf extracts had significant phytotoxic effects on Phleum pratense and Lolium multiflorum.
- Taxon
- Phleum pratense L. and Lolium multiflorum Lam.
Lolium multiflorum
Phleum pratensee1 - Treatment
- S. garrettiana leaf extractse1
- Outcome
- phytotoxic effectse1
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“the S. garrettiana leaf extracts had significant phytotoxic effects on three dicotyledons (Lepidium sativum L., Lactuca sativa L., and Medicago sativa L.) and two monocotyledons (Phleum pratense L. and Lolium multiflorum Lam.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Caffeic acid inhibited seed germination, seedling growth and biomass accumulation of L. sativum in a concentration-dependent manner.
- Taxon
- L. sativumLepidium sativume2
- Treatment
- caffeic acide2
- Outcome
- seed germination, seedling growth, and biomass accumulatione2
- Direction
- inhibitede2
- Qualifier
- in a concentration-dependent mannere2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“caffeic acid, methyl caffeate, and (S)-6-hydroxymellein inhibited the seed germination, seedling growth, and biomass accumulation of L. sativum in a concentration-dependent manner”
Claim · model-written summary
Methyl caffeate inhibited seed germination, seedling growth and biomass accumulation of L. sativum in a concentration-dependent manner.
- Taxon
- L. sativumLepidium sativume2
- Treatment
- methyl caffeatee2
- Outcome
- seed germination, seedling growth, and biomass accumulatione2
- Direction
- inhibitede2
- Qualifier
- in a concentration-dependent mannere2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“caffeic acid, methyl caffeate, and (S)-6-hydroxymellein inhibited the seed germination, seedling growth, and biomass accumulation of L. sativum in a concentration-dependent manner”
Claim · model-written summary
(S)-6-hydroxymellein inhibited seed germination, seedling growth and biomass accumulation of L. sativum in a concentration-dependent manner.
- Taxon
- L. sativumLepidium sativume2
- Treatment
- (S)-6-hydroxymelleine2
- Outcome
- seed germination, seedling growth, and biomass accumulatione2
- Direction
- inhibitede2
- Qualifier
- in a concentration-dependent mannere2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“caffeic acid, methyl caffeate, and (S)-6-hydroxymellein inhibited the seed germination, seedling growth, and biomass accumulation of L. sativum in a concentration-dependent manner”
Claim · model-written summary
(S)-6-hydroxymellein had the highest inhibitory effects on L. sativum among the three compounds.
- Taxon
- L. sativumLepidium sativume3
- Treatment
- (S)-6-hydroxymelleine3
- Outcome
- inhibitory effectse3
- Direction
- higheste3
- Comparator
- methyl caffeate and caffeic acide3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“(S)-6-hydroxymellein had the highest inhibitory effects on L. sativum in all test parameters, followed by methyl caffeate and caffeic acid”
Claim · model-written summary
L. sativum roots were the most susceptible to (S)-6-hydroxymellein, compared with caffeic acid.
- Taxon
- L. sativumLepidium sativume4
- Organ / stage
- rootse4
- Treatment
- (S)-6-hydroxymelleine4
- Outcome
- most susceptiblee4
- Direction
- most susceptiblee4
- Value
- IC50 = 383 µMe4
- Comparator
- caffeic acide4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e4“The L. sativum roots were the most susceptible to (S)-6-hydroxymellein (IC50 = 383 µM) and caffeic acid (IC50 = 2627 µM)”
Claim · model-written summary
L. sativum roots were the most susceptible to caffeic acid, compared with (S)-6-hydroxymellein.
- Taxon
- L. sativumLepidium sativume4
- Organ / stage
- rootse4
- Treatment
- caffeic acide4
- Outcome
- most susceptiblee4
- Direction
- most susceptiblee4
- Value
- IC50 = 2627 µMe4
- Comparator
- (S)-6-hydroxymelleine4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e4“The L. sativum roots were the most susceptible to (S)-6-hydroxymellein (IC50 = 383 µM) and caffeic acid (IC50 = 2627 µM)”
Claim · model-written summary
Methyl caffeate had the greatest effect on L. sativum shoots.
- Taxon
- L. sativumLepidium sativume5
- Organ / stage
- shootse5
- Treatment
- methyl caffeatee5
- Outcome
- greatest effecte5
- Direction
- greateste5
- Value
- IC50 = 1361 µMe5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e5“whereas methyl caffeate (IC50 = 1361 µM) had the greatest effect on the L. sativum shoots”
Claim · model-written summary
Three isolated compounds may explain the phytotoxic effects of the S. garrettiana extracts.
- Taxon
- S. garrettianaSenna garrettianae6
- Outcome
- phytotoxic effectse6
- Qualifier
- three isolated compoundse6
Verbatim
e6“Thus, three isolated compounds may explain the phytotoxic effects of the S. garrettiana extracts”
Claim · model-written summary
Bioassay-guided isolation yielded three active substances from S. garrettiana leaves.
- Taxon
- Senna garrettianaSenna garrettianae0
- Outcome
- active substancese7
- Value
- threee7
Verbatim
e0“aqueous methanol extracts of Senna garrettiana (Craib) Irwin & Barneby leaves”
e7“An bioassay-guided isolation process yielded three active substances”
Claim · model-written summary
Caffeic acid, methyl caffeate and (S)-6-hydroxymellein are potential candidates for future bioherbicide production.
- Taxon
- Senna garrettianaSenna garrettianae0
- Outcome
- potential candidates for the future production of bioherbicidese7
Verbatim
e0“aqueous methanol extracts of Senna garrettiana (Craib) Irwin & Barneby leaves”
e7“caffeic acid, methyl caffeate, and (S)-6-hydroxymellein could be potential candidates for the future production of bioherbicides”
The same questions in other papers
methyl caffeate · growth · Lepidium sativumPositive and negative results
1 in the opposite direction
- negative
botanical · crop injury · Lepidium sativumPositive and negative results
1 in the opposite direction
- no effect
botanical · crop injury · Medicago sativa (alfalfa)Positive and negative results
1 reporting no difference from an alternative
- no effect
botanical · crop injury · Lactuca sativa (garden lettuce)Positive and negative results
5 papers in the same direction as this paper · 15 in the opposite direction
- negative
- negative
- no effect
17 papers more in this group
See all 21 papers →botanical · crop injury · Lolium multiflorum (Italian ryegrass)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.