Abstract
Influence of foliar application of maize grains extract (aqueous and alcoholic) on the nutrient acquisition, osmoprotectants accumulation, ROS-scavenging system, and endogenous phytohormones profile in salt-stressed plants has received no attention. Therefore, the current study, as a first report, was aimed to test the hypothesis that the maize grains extract (MGE) application may give an advantage to overcome salinity problems by altering these mechanisms. Phaseolus vulgaris L., cv. Paulista plants were grown in salty soils (EC = 7.43–7.51 dS m‒1) with and without MGE applications as follows: both seeds and plants were treated by distilled water (MGE0), seeds soaked in MGE and plants sprayed with distilled water (MGEseeds), seeds soaked in distilled water and plants sprayed with MGE (MGEplants), as well as both seeds and plants were treated by MGE (MGEboth). MGE treatments protected plants against the deleterious effects of saline condition by improving growth and yield components, relative water content, membrane stability index, photosynthetic pigments content, soluble sugars, proline, N, P, K+, Ca2+, indole-3-acetic acid, gibberellic acid, cytokinins concentrations, K+/Na+ and Ca2+/Na+ ratios, superoxide dismutase, catalase, peroxidase activities, and glutathione, ascorbate contents. Therefore, MGE as environmental-friendly, sustainable and efficient strategy can reprogramme plant responses to mitigate the adverse effects of salinity stress.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar maize grain extract improved growth and yield components of common bean under saline condition, compared with distilled water.
- Taxon
- common bean
Phaseolus vulgarist0 - Treatment
- foliar application of maize grains extracte0
- Outcome
- growth and yield componentse2
- Direction
- improvinge2
- Qualifier
- saline conditione2
- Comparator
- distilled water (MGE0)e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)”
e0“foliar application of maize grains extract (aqueous and alcoholic)”
e1“both seeds and plants were treated by distilled water (MGE0)”
e2“MGE treatments protected plants against the deleterious effects of saline condition by improving growth and yield components”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar maize grain extract improved relative water content, membrane stability index and photosynthetic pigments content of common bean under saline condition.
- Taxon
- common beanPhaseolus vulgarist0
- Treatment
- foliar application of maize grains extracte0
- Outcome
- relative water content, membrane stability index, photosynthetic pigments contente3
- Direction
- improvinge2
- Qualifier
- saline conditione2
- Comparator
- distilled water (MGE0)e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)”
e0“foliar application of maize grains extract (aqueous and alcoholic)”
e1“both seeds and plants were treated by distilled water (MGE0)”
e2“MGE treatments protected plants against the deleterious effects of saline condition by improving growth and yield components”
e3“relative water content, membrane stability index, photosynthetic pigments content”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar maize grain extract improved soluble sugars and proline of common bean under saline condition.
- Taxon
- common beanPhaseolus vulgarist0
- Treatment
- foliar application of maize grains extracte0
- Outcome
- soluble sugars, prolinee4
- Direction
- improvinge2
- Qualifier
- saline conditione2
- Comparator
- distilled water (MGE0)e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)”
e0“foliar application of maize grains extract (aqueous and alcoholic)”
e1“both seeds and plants were treated by distilled water (MGE0)”
e2“MGE treatments protected plants against the deleterious effects of saline condition by improving growth and yield components”
e4“soluble sugars, proline”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar maize grain extract improved N and P and K+ of common bean under saline condition.
- Taxon
- common beanPhaseolus vulgarist0
- Treatment
- foliar application of maize grains extracte0
- Outcome
- N, P, K+e5
- Direction
- improvinge2
- Qualifier
- saline conditione2
- Comparator
- distilled water (MGE0)e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)”
e0“foliar application of maize grains extract (aqueous and alcoholic)”
e1“both seeds and plants were treated by distilled water (MGE0)”
e2“MGE treatments protected plants against the deleterious effects of saline condition by improving growth and yield components”
e5“N, P, K+, Ca2+”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar maize grain extract improved Ca2+ of common bean under saline condition.
- Taxon
- common beanPhaseolus vulgarist0
- Treatment
- foliar application of maize grains extracte0
- Outcome
- Ca2+e5
- Direction
- improvinge2
- Qualifier
- saline conditione2
- Comparator
- distilled water (MGE0)e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)”
e0“foliar application of maize grains extract (aqueous and alcoholic)”
e1“both seeds and plants were treated by distilled water (MGE0)”
e2“MGE treatments protected plants against the deleterious effects of saline condition by improving growth and yield components”
e5“N, P, K+, Ca2+”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar maize grain extract improved indole-3-acetic acid, gibberellic acid and cytokinin concentrations of common bean under saline condition.
- Taxon
- common beanPhaseolus vulgarist0
- Treatment
- foliar application of maize grains extracte0
- Outcome
- indole-3-acetic acid, gibberellic acid, cytokinins concentrationse6
- Direction
- improvinge2
- Qualifier
- saline conditione2
- Comparator
- distilled water (MGE0)e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)”
e0“foliar application of maize grains extract (aqueous and alcoholic)”
e1“both seeds and plants were treated by distilled water (MGE0)”
e2“MGE treatments protected plants against the deleterious effects of saline condition by improving growth and yield components”
e6“indole-3-acetic acid, gibberellic acid, cytokinins concentrations”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar maize grain extract improved K+/Na+ and Ca2+/Na+ ratios of common bean under saline condition.
- Taxon
- common beanPhaseolus vulgarist0
- Treatment
- foliar application of maize grains extracte0
- Outcome
- K+/Na+ and Ca2+/Na+ ratiose7
- Direction
- improvinge2
- Qualifier
- saline conditione2
- Comparator
- distilled water (MGE0)e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)”
e0“foliar application of maize grains extract (aqueous and alcoholic)”
e1“both seeds and plants were treated by distilled water (MGE0)”
e2“MGE treatments protected plants against the deleterious effects of saline condition by improving growth and yield components”
e7“K+/Na+ and Ca2+/Na+ ratios”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar maize grain extract improved superoxide dismutase, catalase and peroxidase activities of common bean under saline condition.
- Taxon
- common beanPhaseolus vulgarist0
- Treatment
- foliar application of maize grains extracte0
- Outcome
- superoxide dismutase, catalase, peroxidase activitiese3
- Direction
- improvinge2
- Qualifier
- saline conditione2
- Comparator
- distilled water (MGE0)e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)”
e0“foliar application of maize grains extract (aqueous and alcoholic)”
e1“both seeds and plants were treated by distilled water (MGE0)”
e2“MGE treatments protected plants against the deleterious effects of saline condition by improving growth and yield components”
e3“superoxide dismutase, catalase, peroxidase activities”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar maize grain extract improved glutathione and ascorbate contents of common bean under saline condition.
- Taxon
- common beanPhaseolus vulgarist0
- Treatment
- foliar application of maize grains extracte0
- Outcome
- glutathione, ascorbate contentse3
- Direction
- improvinge2
- Qualifier
- saline conditione2
- Comparator
- distilled water (MGE0)e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)”
e0“foliar application of maize grains extract (aqueous and alcoholic)”
e1“both seeds and plants were treated by distilled water (MGE0)”
e2“MGE treatments protected plants against the deleterious effects of saline condition by improving growth and yield components”
e3“glutathione, ascorbate contents”
Claim · model-written summary
Maize grain extract is a sustainable strategy that can reprogramme common bean responses to mitigate salinity stress.
- Taxon
- common beanPhaseolus vulgarist0
- Outcome
- plant responses to mitigate the adverse effects of salinity stresse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)”
e1“Therefore, MGE as environmental-friendly, sustainable and efficient strategy can reprogramme plant responses to mitigate the adverse effects of salinity stress”
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See all 10 papers →8 of 15 groups shown: named compounds and organisms first, then groups whose results differ (checked claim by claim), then those with positive and negative results, then the smaller groups.
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.