Abstract
Globally, Fusarium root rot, which is caused by Fusarium graminearum , reduces wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) yield and quality up to 20%. Colonization of roots by F. graminearum has been recognized, but controlling Fusarium root rot using worm extracts (mucus, vermicompost tea, and vermiwash) has received little attention. We report the antagonistic properties of redworm ( Eisenia fetida ) extracts against F. graminearum and their effects on wheat seedling growth. Mycelial growth inhibition against the fungus was conducted in quintuplicate using the extracts in vitro. The extracts significantly inhibited mycelial growth of the fungus under in vitro conditions, and there was significant interaction between the infections and extracts for all the parameters measured (root and shoot lengths, root biomass, and disease index). Redworm mucus and 14‐d vermiwash produced moderately (26%) to relatively less (16%) antifungal activity, respectively. Vermiwash and augmented vermicompost tea were able to inhibit Fusarium root rot and improve (>58%) the growth of the inoculated seedlings under laboratory conditions. Vermiwash also acted as nutritional supplement, enhancing plant growth. The extracts suppressed F. graminearum and could serve as a potential bio‐fungicide in the integrated management of Fusarium root rot in wheat. Longer term experiments under field conditions are needed to validate the findings from the current study. Core Ideas The redworm extracts (vermiwash and augmented vermicompost tea) were able to inhibit Fusarium root rot (>58%) of the inoculated seedlings. Likewise redworm extracts acted as nutritional supplement, enhancing plant growth. Redworm extract suppressed F. graminearum and could serve as a potential bio‐fungicide in integrated management of Fusarium root rot in wheat.
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Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
Redworm extracts significantly inhibited mycelial growth of Fusarium graminearum in vitro.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivume0 - Treatment
- extractse1
- Interactor
- Fusarium graminearum
_on_Corn_(Zea_mays)_at_Waimea%2C_Hawaii.jpg?width=60)
Fusarium graminearume0pathogen - Outcome
- mycelial growthe1
- Direction
- inhibitede1
- Setting
- in vitro conditionse1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_on_Corn_(Zea_mays)_at_Waimea%2C_Hawaii.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“Globally, Fusarium root rot, which is caused by Fusarium graminearum , reduces wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) yield and quality up to 20%”
e1“The extracts significantly inhibited mycelial growth of the fungus under in vitro conditions”
Claim · model-written summary
Redworm mucus produced moderate antifungal activity (26%) against Fusarium graminearum.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- Redworm mucuse2
- Interactor
- Fusarium graminearumFusarium graminearume0pathogen
- Outcome
- antifungal activitye2
- Value
- 26%e2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Globally, Fusarium root rot, which is caused by Fusarium graminearum , reduces wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) yield and quality up to 20%”
e2“Redworm mucus and 14‐d vermiwash produced moderately (26%) to relatively less (16%) antifungal activity, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Vermiwash produced less antifungal activity (16%) against Fusarium graminearum than redworm mucus.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- vermiwashe2
- Interactor
- Fusarium graminearumFusarium graminearume0pathogen
- Outcome
- antifungal activitye2
- Value
- 16%e2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Globally, Fusarium root rot, which is caused by Fusarium graminearum , reduces wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) yield and quality up to 20%”
e2“Redworm mucus and 14‐d vermiwash produced moderately (26%) to relatively less (16%) antifungal activity, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Vermiwash and augmented vermicompost tea inhibited Fusarium root rot under laboratory conditions.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- Vermiwash and augmented vermicompost teae3
- Interactor
- Fusarium graminearumFusarium graminearume0pathogen
- Outcome
- Fusarium root rote3
- Direction
- inhibite3
- Setting
- laboratory conditionse3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Globally, Fusarium root rot, which is caused by Fusarium graminearum , reduces wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) yield and quality up to 20%”
e3“Vermiwash and augmented vermicompost tea were able to inhibit Fusarium root rot and improve (>58%) the growth of the inoculated seedlings under laboratory conditions”
Claim · model-written summary
Vermiwash and augmented vermicompost tea improved growth of inoculated wheat seedlings by more than 58% under laboratory conditions.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- Vermiwash and augmented vermicompost teae3
- Outcome
- growth of the inoculated seedlingse3
- Direction
- improvee3
- Value
- >58%e3
- Setting
- laboratory conditionse3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Globally, Fusarium root rot, which is caused by Fusarium graminearum , reduces wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) yield and quality up to 20%”
e3“Vermiwash and augmented vermicompost tea were able to inhibit Fusarium root rot and improve (>58%) the growth of the inoculated seedlings under laboratory conditions”
Claim · model-written summary
Vermiwash enhanced wheat plant growth as a nutritional supplement.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- Vermiwashe4
- Outcome
- plant growthe4
- Direction
- enhancinge4
- Qualifier
- nutritional supplemente4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Globally, Fusarium root rot, which is caused by Fusarium graminearum , reduces wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) yield and quality up to 20%”
e4“Vermiwash also acted as nutritional supplement, enhancing plant growth”
Claim · model-written summary
Significant interaction between infection and extract treatments was found for all measured parameters.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- extractse5
- Outcome
- root and shoot lengths, root biomass, and disease indexe5
- Qualifier
- interaction between the infections and extractse5
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Globally, Fusarium root rot, which is caused by Fusarium graminearum , reduces wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) yield and quality up to 20%”
e5“there was significant interaction between the infections and extracts for all the parameters measured (root and shoot lengths, root biomass, and disease index)”
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