Abstract
The accumulation of heavy metals in the agricultural environments causes the oxidative stress in leading physiological and biochemical alterations in the plants. Regulation of fatty acids is considered as an adaptive mechanism for plants exposed to oxidative damages. In the present study, we investigated the changes of fatty acid composition with GC in the leaves of tomato subjected to increasing doses of heavy metals. The exposures of heavy metals changed the fatty acid compositions and α-linoleic acid, palmitic acid and linoleic acid were the main fatty acids in respect to percentage, respectively. The percentages of arachidic acid, behenic acid, lignoceric acid and docosahexaenoic acid clearly increased in leaves of tomato. The level of lionoleic acid and palmitoleic acid significantly reduced in all application of heavy metals compared to control plants. The content of stearic acid and oleic acid methyl ester changed depending on heavy metal types and doses while the quantity of α-linolenic acid and palmitic acid remained unchanged by the treatment of Cu and Pb, but the application of Cd slightly increased the percentage of α-linolenic acid in tomato leaves. The content of lipid peroxidation significantly increased in all exposures of heavy metal. The exposures of heavy metal increased the content of saturated fatty acid like arachidic acid, behenic acid and lignoceric acid, while heavy metals decreased lionoleic acid and palmitoleic acid which belong to unsaturated fatty acid compared to control plants. These changes in the fatty acid percentages may be related with the increases of lipid peroxidation.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Heavy metal exposures changed tomato leaf fatty acid composition.
- Taxon
- Solanum lycopersicum
Solanum lycopersicumt0 - Treatment
- heavy metalse0
- Outcome
- fatty acid compositionse0
- Direction
- changede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The exposures of heavy metals changed the fatty acid compositions and α-linoleic acid, palmitic acid and linoleic acid were the main fatty acids in respect to percentage, respectively.”
t0“Responses of the fatty acid composition of Solanum lycopersicum exposed to heavy metal stress”
Claim · model-written summary
α-linoleic acid, palmitic acid and linoleic acid were the main fatty acids by percentage.
- Taxon
- Solanum lycopersicumSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Outcome
- main fatty acids in respect to percentagee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“α-linoleic acid, palmitic acid and linoleic acid were the main fatty acids in respect to percentage”
t0“Responses of the fatty acid composition of Solanum lycopersicum exposed to heavy metal stress”
Claim · model-written summary
Arachidic acid, behenic acid, lignoceric acid and docosahexaenoic acid percentages increased.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- heavy metal stresst0
- Outcome
- percentages of arachidic acid, behenic acid, lignoceric acid and docosahexaenoic acide0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The percentages of arachidic acid, behenic acid, lignoceric acid and docosahexaenoic acid clearly increased in leaves of tomato.”
t0“Responses of the fatty acid composition of Solanum lycopersicum exposed to heavy metal stress”
Claim · model-written summary
Lionoleic acid and palmitoleic acid levels fell significantly with all heavy metals.
- Taxon
- Solanum lycopersicumSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- all application of heavy metalse0
- Outcome
- level of lionoleic acid and palmitoleic acide0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Comparator
- control plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The level of lionoleic acid and palmitoleic acid significantly reduced in all application of heavy metals compared to control plants.”
t0“Responses of the fatty acid composition of Solanum lycopersicum exposed to heavy metal stress”
Claim · model-written summary
Stearic acid and oleic acid methyl ester content varied with metal type and dose.
- Taxon
- Solanum lycopersicumSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- heavy metal types and dosese0
- Outcome
- content of stearic acid and oleic acid methyl estere0
- Direction
- changede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The content of stearic acid and oleic acid methyl ester changed depending on heavy metal types and doses”
t0“Responses of the fatty acid composition of Solanum lycopersicum exposed to heavy metal stress”
Claim · model-written summary
Cu and Pb did not change α-linolenic or palmitic acid quantity.
- Taxon
- Solanum lycopersicumSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- treatment of Cu and Pbe0
- Outcome
- quantity of α-linolenic acid and palmitic acide0
- Direction
- remained unchangede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the quantity of α-linolenic acid and palmitic acid remained unchanged by the treatment of Cu and Pb”
t0“Responses of the fatty acid composition of Solanum lycopersicum exposed to heavy metal stress”
Claim · model-written summary
Cd slightly increased α-linolenic acid percentage in tomato leaves.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- application of Cde0
- Outcome
- percentage of α-linolenic acide0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the application of Cd slightly increased the percentage of α-linolenic acid in tomato leaves.”
t0“Responses of the fatty acid composition of Solanum lycopersicum exposed to heavy metal stress”
Claim · model-written summary
Lipid peroxidation increased significantly under all heavy metal exposures.
- Taxon
- Solanum lycopersicumSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- all exposures of heavy metale0
- Outcome
- content of lipid peroxidatione0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The content of lipid peroxidation significantly increased in all exposures of heavy metal.”
t0“Responses of the fatty acid composition of Solanum lycopersicum exposed to heavy metal stress”
Claim · model-written summary
Fatty acid percentage changes may be related to greater lipid peroxidation.
- Taxon
- Solanum lycopersicumSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- heavy metal stresst0
- Outcome
- changes in the fatty acid percentagese0
- Qualifier
- may be related with the increases of lipid peroxidatione0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“These changes in the fatty acid percentages may be related with the increases of lipid peroxidation.”
t0“Responses of the fatty acid composition of Solanum lycopersicum exposed to heavy metal stress”
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See all 18 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.