Abstract
Comprehensive assessments were made of the chemical profiles of woody cell wall components, and also leaf growth, ecophysiological, vascular and nanomechanical traits for two Dutch elm hybrids 'Groeneveld' and 'Dodoens' which possess contrasting tolerances toward Dutch elm disease. Upon infection with Ophiostoma novo-ulmi ssp. americana × novo-ulmi, medium-molecular weight macromolecules of cellulose were degraded in both hybrids. A loss of crystalline and non-crystalline cellulose regions occurred in parallel. In 'Groeneveld' plants, syringyl-rich lignin provided a far greater degree of protection from cellulose degradation, but only guaiacyl-rich lignin in 'Dodoens' plants was involved in a successful defence against the fungus. Unexpectedly, we found a very high proportion of non-significant differences between the infected and non-infected plants of 'Dodoens', including similarities in leaf growth, leaf gas exchange and leaf midrib vascular traits, as well as in the nanomechanical properties of the cell walls of tracheary elements such as modulus of elasticity, adhesion and energy dissipation. Three years after initial inoculations, except for a few traits such as leaf slenderness, relative chlorophyll content, transpiration rate and sap flow density in branches, we found no evidence of a decrease in leaf trait performances among the infected plants of 'Dodoens', despite the occasional persistence of fungal hyphae in the lumens of leaf midrib tracheary elements.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Infection degraded medium-molecular-weight cellulose macromolecules in both elm hybrids.
- Taxon
- Dutch elm hybridst0
- Treatment
- infection with Ophiostoma novo-ulmi ssp. americana × novo-ulmie0
- Interactor
- Ophiostoma novo-ulmi ssp. americana × novo-ulmiOphiostoma novo-ulmi subsp. americanae0pathogen
- Outcome
- medium-molecular weight macromolecules of cellulosee0
- Direction
- degradede0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Upon infection with Ophiostoma novo-ulmi ssp. americana × novo-ulmi, medium-molecular weight macromolecules of cellulose were degraded in both hybrids.”
t0“two Dutch elm hybrids”
Claim · model-written summary
Crystalline and non-crystalline cellulose regions were lost in parallel.
Verbatim
e0“A loss of crystalline and non-crystalline cellulose regions occurred in parallel.”
t0“two Dutch elm hybrids”
Claim · model-written summary
Syringyl-rich lignin protected cellulose from degradation in Groeneveld.
Verbatim
e0“In 'Groeneveld' plants, syringyl-rich lignin provided a far greater degree of protection from cellulose degradation, but only guaiacyl-rich lignin in 'Dodoens' plants was involved in a successful defence against the fungus.”
t0“two Dutch elm hybrids”
Claim · model-written summary
Guaiacyl-rich lignin was involved in successful fungal defence in Dodoens.
Verbatim
e0“In 'Groeneveld' plants, syringyl-rich lignin provided a far greater degree of protection from cellulose degradation, but only guaiacyl-rich lignin in 'Dodoens' plants was involved in a successful defence against the fungus.”
t0“two Dutch elm hybrids”
Claim · model-written summary
Most leaf growth, leaf gas exchange and leaf midrib vascular traits did not differ significantly between infected and uninfected Dodoens plants.
Verbatim
e0“we found a very high proportion of non-significant differences between the infected and non-infected plants of 'Dodoens', including similarities in leaf growth, leaf gas exchange and leaf midrib vascular traits, as well as in the nanomechanical properties of the cell walls of tracheary elements such as modulus of elasticity, adhesion and energy dissipation.”
t0“two Dutch elm hybrids”
Claim · model-written summary
Most modulus of elasticity, adhesion and energy dissipation did not differ significantly between infected and uninfected Dodoens plants.
Verbatim
e0“we found a very high proportion of non-significant differences between the infected and non-infected plants of 'Dodoens', including similarities in leaf growth, leaf gas exchange and leaf midrib vascular traits, as well as in the nanomechanical properties of the cell walls of tracheary elements such as modulus of elasticity, adhesion and energy dissipation.”
t0“two Dutch elm hybrids”
Claim · model-written summary
Three years after inoculation, most leaf trait performances in infected Dodoens plants showed no evidence of decline, with specified exceptions.
Verbatim
e0“Three years after initial inoculations, except for a few traits such as leaf slenderness, relative chlorophyll content, transpiration rate and sap flow density in branches, we found no evidence of a decrease in leaf trait performances among the infected plants of 'Dodoens', despite the occasional persistence of fungal hyphae in the lumens of leaf midrib tracheary elements.”
t0“two Dutch elm hybrids”
Claim · model-written summary
Fungal hyphae occasionally persisted in leaf midrib tracheary lumens three years after inoculation.
Verbatim
e0“Three years after initial inoculations, except for a few traits such as leaf slenderness, relative chlorophyll content, transpiration rate and sap flow density in branches, we found no evidence of a decrease in leaf trait performances among the infected plants of 'Dodoens', despite the occasional persistence of fungal hyphae in the lumens of leaf midrib tracheary elements.”
t0“two Dutch elm hybrids”