Abstract
Emerging challenges in continuous no-till (NT) systems require developing flexible management strategies that will minimize the impacts of herbicide resistant (HR) weeds and nutrient stratification on soil and crop productivity. This study evaluated the effectiveness of strategic tillage (ST) operations as an option to redistribute soil nutrients and acidity, control perennial grass and HR weeds, and improve crop yields following tillage of an otherwise long-term NT soil. Treatments were five crop rotations: 1) continuous winter wheat (WW); 2) wheat-fallow (WF); 3) wheat-sorghum-fallow (WSF); 4) continuous sorghum (SS); and 5) sorghum-fallow (SF) as main plots. Sub-plots were reduced tilled (RT), continuous NT, and ST of long-term NT. Grass and herbicide resistant weeds were reduced with tillage. Irrespective of crop rotation, soil water content at wheat planting was significantly less with RT treatments compared to NT or ST. Soil water content with NT was not different from that of ST under cropping systems with fallow (WF or WSF). Tillage (ST or RT) reduced soil water content at wheat planting in WW system. Winter wheat grain yields decreased with increasing cropping intensity, WF (26-48 bu/a) > WSF (22-33 bu/a) > WW (15-19 bu/a). Averaged across years and crop rotations, wheat yield with ST was 30 bu/a, which was greater than the NT (23 bu/a) or RT (28 bu/a) systems, mostly due to better weed control and increased nutrient availability. Sorghum grain yield over the 2 years with ST (63 bu/a) was not different from that of NT (61 bu/a), but were both greater than that of RT (54 bu/a). Increasing cropping intensity reduced sorghum grain yield, average grain yield with SF was 73 bu/a, similar to WSF (68 bu/a), but greater than SS (38 bu/a). Tillage had no effect on soil bulk density. However, increasing cropping intensity lowered the bulk density measured in the upper 0 to 2 in. of the soil. Tillage and crop rotation effects on soil organic matter (SOM), pH, and nutrient concentrations occurred only in the top 0- to 2-in. depth. The SOM, iron (Fe), and manganese (MN) concentrations were greater in soils under WW compared to WF or WSF. Soil pH and potassium (K) were least in soils under WW. The SOM concentration in the top 0 to 2 in. with NT was 3.34%, which was similar to that of soil under ST (3.02%) but both were greater than RT (2.65%). Nitrate-N concentration increased with ST but ammonium-N
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Tillage reduced resistant weeds.
- Taxon
- winter wheat
Triticum aestivume1 - Treatment
- tillagee0
- Outcome
- herbicide resistant weedse0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Grass and herbicide resistant weeds were reduced with tillage”
e1“continuous winter wheat (WW)”
Claim · model-written summary
Reduced tillage had less soil water at wheat planting than no tillage or strategic tillage.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- RT treatmentse0
- Outcome
- soil water content at wheat plantinge0
- Direction
- lesse0
- Comparator
- NT or STe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“soil water content at wheat planting was significantly less with RT treatments compared to NT or ST”
Claim · model-written summary
Wheat yields declined with cropping intensity.
- Taxon
- Winter wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- increasing cropping intensitye0
- Outcome
- grain yieldse0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Winter wheat grain yields decreased with increasing cropping intensity, WF (26-48 bu/a) > WSF (22-33 bu/a) > WW (15-19 bu/a)”
Claim · model-written summary
Strategic tillage wheat yield exceeded no tillage and reduced tillage.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- STe0
- Outcome
- wheat yielde0
- Direction
- greatere0
- Value
- 30 bu/ae0
- Comparator
- NTe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“wheat yield with ST was 30 bu/a, which was greater than the NT (23 bu/a) or RT (28 bu/a) systems”
Claim · model-written summary
Strategic and no tillage had similar sorghum yields.
SorghumOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Sorghum grain yield over the 2 years with ST (63 bu/a) was not different from that of NT (61 bu/a)”
Claim · model-written summary
Cropping intensity reduced sorghum yield.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Increasing cropping intensity reduced sorghum grain yield”
Claim · model-written summary
Tillage had no effect on bulk density.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- Tillagee0
- Outcome
- soil bulk densitye0
- Direction
- no effecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Tillage had no effect on soil bulk density”
e1“continuous winter wheat (WW)”
Claim · model-written summary
Strategic tillage increased nitrate nitrogen.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- STe0
- Outcome
- Nitrate-N concentratione0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Nitrate-N concentration increased with ST”
e1“continuous winter wheat (WW)”
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