Abstract
The objective of this work was to investigate the effect of the resistance inducer Acibenzolar-S-methyl (ASM), against Botrytis mold on table grapes in vitro and in vivo. To assess the effect of ASM on mycelial growth Botrytis cinerea, different concentrations (0.125, 0.25, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0 and 3% w:v) were tested. Treatments were set up in triplicate, in a completely randomized experimental design, and replicated twice. Results were expressed in minimum inhibitory concentrations and effective dose per 50% response of mycelial growth. Healthy table grapes (cvs. Italia and Benitaka) were harvested at full ripe to evaluate the ASM 1% effect against gray mold under artificial conditions. Bunches were split into two groups in order to perform two types of experiments (spray or immersion). For both trials, treated bunches were arranged in carton boxes and stored at 2±1 °C, for one month, followed by one week of shelf-life at 22±2 °C. In order to evaluate the ASM effect against gray mold under field conditions, ASM 1% was sprayed on both cultivars one week before harvest. Grapes treated with iprodione 0.2% with three applications during the season were included as a standard chemical control. Bunches were harvested at full ripe, arranged in carton boxes and submitted to a cold storage process as described previously. Results for the in vitro experiments showed that the minimum inhibitory concentration of ASM was achieved by 3% and the ED50 was 0.04%. Under artificial conditions, for both cultivars, the efficacy of ASM was higher when the grapes were immersed than sprayed. A significant difference was observed for ASM as compared with control. Regarding the effect of ASM against gray mold in the field, the incidence of gray mold was recorded for both cultivars. For �??Italia�?? and �??Benitaka�?? grapes, ASM, iprodione and sulfur dioxide pad reduced the incidence of gray mold by 85, 79 and 77%, and by 80.5, 73 and 82%, respectively. As for the physico-chemical berry properties, none of the treatments were significantly different from the control for total soluble solids, titratable acidity and color index. A single ASM treatment applied one week before harvest is effective for controlling gray mold in �??Italia�?? and �??Benitaka�?? table grapes.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
In vitro, the minimum inhibitory concentration of ASM against Botrytis cinerea mycelial growth was 3%.
- Taxon
- table grapest0
- Treatment
- ASMe0
- Interactor
- Botrytis cinerea
Botrytis cinereae0pathogen - Outcome
- minimum inhibitory concentration of ASMe1
- Value
- 3%e1
- Setting
- in vitroe1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Botrytis mold on table grapes in vitro and in vivo”
e0“To assess the effect of ASM on mycelial growth Botrytis cinerea”
e1“Results for the in vitro experiments showed that the minimum inhibitory concentration of ASM was achieved by 3% and the ED50 was 0.04%”
Claim · model-written summary
In vitro, the ED50 of ASM against Botrytis cinerea mycelial growth was 0.04%.
- Taxon
- table grapest0
- Treatment
- ASMe0
- Interactor
- Botrytis cinereaBotrytis cinereae0pathogen
- Outcome
- ED50e1
- Value
- 0.04%e1
- Setting
- in vitroe1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Botrytis mold on table grapes in vitro and in vivo”
e0“To assess the effect of ASM on mycelial growth Botrytis cinerea”
e1“Results for the in vitro experiments showed that the minimum inhibitory concentration of ASM was achieved by 3% and the ED50 was 0.04%”
Claim · model-written summary
Under artificial conditions, ASM efficacy on grapes was higher when they were immersed than when sprayed.
Verbatim
e2“Under artificial conditions, for both cultivars, the efficacy of ASM was higher when the grapes were immersed than sprayed”
Claim · model-written summary
Under artificial conditions, ASM showed a significant difference from the control on grapes.
Not reportedDirection
Verbatim
e2“Under artificial conditions, for both cultivars, the efficacy of ASM was higher when the grapes were immersed than sprayed”
e3“A significant difference was observed for ASM as compared with control”
Claim · model-written summary
In the field, ASM reduced gray mold incidence by 85% on Italia grapes.
- Taxon
- table grapese7
- Material
- Italiae7
- Treatment
- ASMe5
- Outcome
- incidence of gray molde5
- Direction
- reducede5
- Value
- 85e5
- Setting
- field conditionse4
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e4“In order to evaluate the ASM effect against gray mold under field conditions”
e5“ASM, iprodione and sulfur dioxide pad reduced the incidence of gray mold by 85, 79 and 77%, and by 80.5, 73 and 82%, respectively”
e7“Healthy table grapes (cvs. Italia and Benitaka) were harvested at full ripe”
Claim · model-written summary
In the field, ASM reduced gray mold incidence by 80.5% on Benitaka grapes.
- Taxon
- table grapese7
- Material
- Benitakae7
- Treatment
- ASMe5
- Outcome
- incidence of gray molde5
- Direction
- reducede5
- Value
- 80.5e5
- Setting
- field conditionse4
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e4“In order to evaluate the ASM effect against gray mold under field conditions”
e5“ASM, iprodione and sulfur dioxide pad reduced the incidence of gray mold by 85, 79 and 77%, and by 80.5, 73 and 82%, respectively”
e7“Healthy table grapes (cvs. Italia and Benitaka) were harvested at full ripe”
Claim · model-written summary
In the field, iprodione reduced gray mold incidence by 79% on Italia grapes.
- Taxon
- table grapese7
- Material
- Italiae7
- Treatment
- iprodionee5
- Outcome
- incidence of gray molde5
- Direction
- reducede5
- Value
- 79e5
- Setting
- field conditionse4
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e4“In order to evaluate the ASM effect against gray mold under field conditions”
e5“ASM, iprodione and sulfur dioxide pad reduced the incidence of gray mold by 85, 79 and 77%, and by 80.5, 73 and 82%, respectively”
e7“Healthy table grapes (cvs. Italia and Benitaka) were harvested at full ripe”
Claim · model-written summary
In the field, iprodione reduced gray mold incidence by 73% on Benitaka grapes.
- Taxon
- table grapese7
- Material
- Benitakae7
- Treatment
- iprodionee5
- Outcome
- incidence of gray molde5
- Direction
- reducede5
- Value
- 73e5
- Setting
- field conditionse4
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e4“In order to evaluate the ASM effect against gray mold under field conditions”
e5“ASM, iprodione and sulfur dioxide pad reduced the incidence of gray mold by 85, 79 and 77%, and by 80.5, 73 and 82%, respectively”
e7“Healthy table grapes (cvs. Italia and Benitaka) were harvested at full ripe”
Claim · model-written summary
In the field, sulfur dioxide pad reduced gray mold incidence by 77% on Italia grapes.
- Taxon
- table grapese7
- Material
- Italiae7
- Treatment
- sulfur dioxide pade5
- Outcome
- incidence of gray molde5
- Direction
- reducede5
- Value
- 77e5
- Setting
- field conditionse4
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e4“In order to evaluate the ASM effect against gray mold under field conditions”
e5“ASM, iprodione and sulfur dioxide pad reduced the incidence of gray mold by 85, 79 and 77%, and by 80.5, 73 and 82%, respectively”
e7“Healthy table grapes (cvs. Italia and Benitaka) were harvested at full ripe”
Claim · model-written summary
In the field, sulfur dioxide pad reduced gray mold incidence by 82% on Benitaka grapes.
- Taxon
- table grapese7
- Material
- Benitakae7
- Treatment
- sulfur dioxide pade5
- Outcome
- incidence of gray molde5
- Direction
- reducede5
- Value
- 82e5
- Setting
- field conditionse4
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e4“In order to evaluate the ASM effect against gray mold under field conditions”
e5“ASM, iprodione and sulfur dioxide pad reduced the incidence of gray mold by 85, 79 and 77%, and by 80.5, 73 and 82%, respectively”
e7“Healthy table grapes (cvs. Italia and Benitaka) were harvested at full ripe”
Claim · model-written summary
ASM, iprodione and sulfur dioxide pad did not significantly change total soluble solids, titratable acidity or color index of grapes relative to the control.
- Taxon
- table grapese7
- Treatment
- treatmentse2
- Outcome
- total soluble solids, titratable acidity and color indexe2
- Comparator
- controle2
Not reportedDirection
Verbatim
e7“Healthy table grapes (cvs. Italia and Benitaka) were harvested at full ripe”
e2“As for the physico-chemical berry properties, none of the treatments were significantly different from the control for total soluble solids, titratable acidity and color index”
Claim · model-written summary
A single ASM treatment one week before harvest is recommended for controlling gray mold on table grapes.
Verbatim
t0“Botrytis mold on table grapes in vitro and in vivo”
e0“A single ASM treatment applied one week before harvest is effective for controlling gray mold”
The same questions in other papers
acibenzolar-S-methyl · disease · VitisResults differ
6 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- positive
- positive
4 papers more in this group
See all 8 papers →sulfur dioxide · disease · VitisPositive and negative results
1 in the opposite direction
- negative
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.