Abstract
Chemical and natural resistance-inducing substances may be used to decrease the susceptibility of plants to various pathogens, thus reducing the application of pesticides in agriculture. This study evaluated the potential of biocontrol products and of plant extracts. The invoked mode of induced resistance was verified to control downy mildew on grapevine plants using leaf discs and potted vines. Induced resistance was determined by the increase of pathogenesis-related (PR) proteins, including peroxidase, polyphenol oxidase, β-1,3-glucanase, phenylalanine ammonia-lyase, stilbene synthase, β-1,3-glucanase, PR-1 protein, and caffeoyl-coenzyme A 3-O-methyltransferase. Candidate resistance inducers, including Solidago canadensis (CanG) extract, mycelium extract of Penicillium crysogenum (PEN), linoleic acid (LIN), and biocontrol agent Aureobasidium pullulans (Aureo), and chemical elicitors 3-dl-β-aminobutyric acid (BABA) and benzothiadiazole (BTH) were tested against Plasmopara viticola in potted vines grown outdoors. BABA, BTH, and CanG provided a protection of more than 80%, whereas PEN, LIN, and Aureo provided minimal protection. BABA and Aureo were not able to inhibit zoospores, whereas a concentration-dependent inhibition of zoospore mobility was observed for all other tested substances. BTH, CanG, PEN, and LIN induced the production of a broad spectrum of resistance-related metabolites, whereas Aureo did not cause any response. BABA provoked formation of necrotic spots and PR proteins immediately after inoculation. These results indicate the potential to partly induce natural resistance metabolites to enhance tolerance of grapevine plants to P. viticola, thus offering a synergistic effect when used with fungicides and aiding in reducing their ecological burden, even if they are not effective enough to replace them fully.
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Claims 17
Claim · model-written summary
BABA protected grapevine against downy mildew by more than 80%.
VitisNot reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“BABA, BTH, and CanG provided a protection of more than 80%, whereas PEN, LIN, and Aureo provided minimal protection”
t0“Grapevine”
Claim · model-written summary
BTH protected grapevine against downy mildew by more than 80%.
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“BABA, BTH, and CanG provided a protection of more than 80%, whereas PEN, LIN, and Aureo provided minimal protection”
t0“Grapevine”
Claim · model-written summary
CanG protected grapevine against downy mildew by more than 80%.
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“BABA, BTH, and CanG provided a protection of more than 80%, whereas PEN, LIN, and Aureo provided minimal protection”
t0“Grapevine”
Claim · model-written summary
PEN provided minimal protection against downy mildew.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“BABA, BTH, and CanG provided a protection of more than 80%, whereas PEN, LIN, and Aureo provided minimal protection”
t0“Grapevine”
Claim · model-written summary
LIN provided minimal protection against downy mildew.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“BABA, BTH, and CanG provided a protection of more than 80%, whereas PEN, LIN, and Aureo provided minimal protection”
t0“Grapevine”
Claim · model-written summary
Aureo provided minimal protection against downy mildew.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“BABA, BTH, and CanG provided a protection of more than 80%, whereas PEN, LIN, and Aureo provided minimal protection”
t0“Grapevine”
Claim · model-written summary
BABA did not inhibit pathogen zoospores.
- Treatment
- BABAe0
- Interactor
- Plasmopara viticola
Plasmopara viticolat1pathogen - Outcome
- inhibit zoosporese0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“BABA and Aureo were not able to inhibit zoospores”
t0“Grapevine”
t1“Plasmopara viticola”
Claim · model-written summary
Aureo did not inhibit pathogen zoospores.
- Treatment
- Aureoe0
- Interactor
- Plasmopara viticolaPlasmopara viticolat1pathogen
- Outcome
- inhibit zoosporese0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“BABA and Aureo were not able to inhibit zoospores”
t0“Grapevine”
t1“Plasmopara viticola”
Claim · model-written summary
Other tested substances inhibited zoospore mobility in a concentration-dependent manner.
- Treatment
- all other tested substancese0
- Interactor
- Plasmopara viticolaPlasmopara viticolat1pathogen
- Outcome
- zoospore mobilitye0
- Direction
- inhibitione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“a concentration-dependent inhibition of zoospore mobility was observed for all other tested substances”
t0“Grapevine”
t1“Plasmopara viticola”
Claim · model-written summary
BTH induced resistance-related metabolites in grapevine.
- Treatment
- BTHe0
- Outcome
- production of a broad spectrum of resistance-related metabolitese0
- Direction
- inducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“BTH, CanG, PEN, and LIN induced the production of a broad spectrum of resistance-related metabolites”
t0“Grapevine”
Claim · model-written summary
CanG induced resistance-related metabolites in grapevine.
- Treatment
- CanGe0
- Outcome
- production of a broad spectrum of resistance-related metabolitese0
- Direction
- inducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“BTH, CanG, PEN, and LIN induced the production of a broad spectrum of resistance-related metabolites”
t0“Grapevine”
Claim · model-written summary
PEN induced resistance-related metabolites in grapevine.
- Treatment
- PENe0
- Outcome
- production of a broad spectrum of resistance-related metabolitese0
- Direction
- inducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“BTH, CanG, PEN, and LIN induced the production of a broad spectrum of resistance-related metabolites”
t0“Grapevine”
Claim · model-written summary
LIN induced resistance-related metabolites in grapevine.
- Treatment
- LINe0
- Outcome
- production of a broad spectrum of resistance-related metabolitese0
- Direction
- inducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“BTH, CanG, PEN, and LIN induced the production of a broad spectrum of resistance-related metabolites”
t0“Grapevine”
Claim · model-written summary
Aureo caused no measured resistance response.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Aureo did not cause any response”
t0“Grapevine”
Claim · model-written summary
BABA induced necrotic spots and PR proteins immediately after inoculation.
- Treatment
- BABAe0
- Outcome
- formation of necrotic spots and PR proteinse0
- Direction
- provokede0
- Qualifier
- immediately after inoculatione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“BABA provoked formation of necrotic spots and PR proteins immediately after inoculation”
t0“Grapevine”
Claim · model-written summary
Induced natural resistance metabolites may enhance grapevine tolerance to P. viticola.
- Interactor
- P. viticolae0pathogen
- Outcome
- tolerance of grapevine plants to P. viticolae0
- Qualifier
- partly induce natural resistance metabolitese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“These results indicate the potential to partly induce natural resistance metabolites to enhance tolerance of grapevine plants to P. viticola”
t0“Grapevine”
Claim · model-written summary
The resistance inducers may complement fungicides and reduce their ecological burden, but cannot fully replace them.
- Outcome
- a synergistic effect when used with fungicides and aiding in reducing their ecological burdene0
- Qualifier
- even if they are not effective enough to replace them fullye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“offering a synergistic effect when used with fungicides and aiding in reducing their ecological burden, even if they are not effective enough to replace them fully”
t0“Grapevine”
The same questions in other papers
acibenzolar-S-methyl · disease · VitisResults differ
6 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- positive
- positive
4 papers more in this group
See all 8 papers →3-aminobutanoic acid · Plasmopara viticola · VitisPositive and negative results
3 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
resistance inducer · control · VitisResults agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
resistance inducer · disease · VitisResults agree
3 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.