Abstract
Aluminum (Al) toxicity is one of the major factors that limit the growth and production of crops in acid soils. Highbush blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L.) cultivars differing in resistance to Al toxicity regarding root growth and photosynthetic performance were used. In this study, we compared the physiological and metabolic strategies to cope with Al toxicity among the highbush blueberry cultivars [two new ones (Camellia and Cargo) and three established ones (Brigitta (Al-resistant), Star and Duke)]. Aluminum concentration in roots and leaves increased in all cultivars after 24 and 48 h of exposure to Al, but less so in roots of cultivar Camellia and leaves of cultivar Cargo. These two cultivars displayed minor effects of Al exposure in terms of photosynthetic activity in comparison with the established cultivars. Furthermore, Cargo did not vary fluorescence parameters, whereas Camellia exhibited a decrease in effective quantum yield (ΦPSII) and electron transport rate (ETR) and a change in non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) and maximum quantum yield (Fv/Fm) under Al after 48 h. The Al treatment increased total phenols in leaves of Brigitta, Cargo, and Camellia, whereas antioxidant activity increased in Star and Cargo after 48 h. Aluminum exposure decreased malate concentration in roots of all cultivars, but no change was noted in fumarate concentration. The antioxidant activity correlated with photosynthetic performance and the total phenol concentration in the leaves of new cultivars exposed to Al, suggesting enhanced resistance in the short-term experiment. The principal component analysis separated the new from the established cultivars. In conclusion, the new cultivars appear to be more Al-resistant than the established ones, with Star being most Al-sensitive. Regarding the Al-resistance mechanisms of the new cultivars, it is suggested that Camellia could have a root Al-exclusion mechanism under Al toxicity. This mechanism could be explained by low Al concentration in roots, suggesting that this cultivar could exude organic acid, allowing to chelate Al in the rhizosphere. Nonetheless, further researches are needed to confirm this assumption.
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Claims 16
Claim · model-written summary
Root aluminum rose in all blueberry cultivars after exposure, less in Camellia.
- Taxon
- highbush blueberry
Vaccinium corymbosumt0 - Material
- Camelliae0
- Organ / stage
- rootse0
- Treatment
- exposure to Ale0
- Outcome
- Aluminum concentration in rootse0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Aluminum concentration in roots and leaves increased in all cultivars after 24 and 48 h of exposure to Al, but less so in roots of cultivar Camellia and leaves of cultivar Cargo.”
t0“highbush blueberry”
Claim · model-written summary
Leaf aluminum rose in all blueberry cultivars after exposure, less in Cargo.
- Taxon
- highbush blueberryVaccinium corymbosumt0
- Material
- Cargoe0
- Organ / stage
- leavese0
- Treatment
- exposure to Ale0
- Outcome
- Aluminum concentration in roots and leavese0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Aluminum concentration in roots and leaves increased in all cultivars after 24 and 48 h of exposure to Al, but less so in roots of cultivar Camellia and leaves of cultivar Cargo.”
t0“highbush blueberry”
Claim · model-written summary
Camellia photosynthetic activity was less affected by aluminum than established cultivars.
- Taxon
- highbush blueberryVaccinium corymbosumt0
- Material
- Camelliae1
- Treatment
- Al exposuree0
- Outcome
- photosynthetic activitye0
- Direction
- minor effectse0
- Comparator
- established cultivarse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“These two cultivars displayed minor effects of Al exposure in terms of photosynthetic activity in comparison with the established cultivars.”
t0“highbush blueberry”
e1“[two new ones (Camellia and Cargo) and three established ones (Brigitta (Al-resistant), Star and Duke)]”
Claim · model-written summary
Cargo photosynthetic activity was less affected by aluminum than established cultivars.
- Taxon
- highbush blueberryVaccinium corymbosumt0
- Material
- Cargoe1
- Treatment
- Al exposuree0
- Outcome
- photosynthetic activitye0
- Direction
- minor effectse0
- Comparator
- established cultivarse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“These two cultivars displayed minor effects of Al exposure in terms of photosynthetic activity in comparison with the established cultivars.”
t0“highbush blueberry”
e1“[two new ones (Camellia and Cargo) and three established ones (Brigitta (Al-resistant), Star and Duke)]”
Claim · model-written summary
Cargo fluorescence parameters did not vary under aluminum.
- Taxon
- highbush blueberryVaccinium corymbosumt0
- Material
- Cargoe0
- Treatment
- Ale0
- Outcome
- fluorescence parameterse0
- Direction
- did not varye0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Furthermore, Cargo did not vary fluorescence parameters, whereas Camellia exhibited a decrease in effective quantum yield (ΦPSII) and electron transport rate (ETR) and a change in non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) and maximum quantum yield (Fv/Fm) under Al after 48 h.”
t0“highbush blueberry”
Claim · model-written summary
Camellia effective quantum yield and electron transport rate decreased after 48 hours of aluminum exposure.
- Taxon
- highbush blueberryVaccinium corymbosumt0
- Material
- Camelliae0
- Treatment
- Ale0
- Outcome
- effective quantum yield (ΦPSII) and electron transport rate (ETR)e0
- Direction
- decreasee0
- Qualifier
- after 48 he0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Camellia exhibited a decrease in effective quantum yield (ΦPSII) and electron transport rate (ETR) and a change in non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) and maximum quantum yield (Fv/Fm) under Al after 48 h.”
t0“highbush blueberry”
Claim · model-written summary
Camellia non-photochemical quenching and maximum quantum yield changed after 48 hours under aluminum.
- Taxon
- highbush blueberryVaccinium corymbosumt0
- Material
- Camelliae0
- Treatment
- Ale0
- Outcome
- non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) and maximum quantum yield (Fv/Fm)e0
- Qualifier
- after 48 he0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Camellia exhibited a decrease in effective quantum yield (ΦPSII) and electron transport rate (ETR) and a change in non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) and maximum quantum yield (Fv/Fm) under Al after 48 h.”
t0“highbush blueberry”
Claim · model-written summary
Aluminum increased leaf total phenols in Brigitta, Cargo and Camellia.
- Taxon
- highbush blueberryVaccinium corymbosumt0
- Material
- Brigitta, Cargo, and Camelliae0
- Treatment
- Al treatmente0
- Outcome
- total phenols in leavese0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The Al treatment increased total phenols in leaves of Brigitta, Cargo, and Camellia, whereas antioxidant activity increased in Star and Cargo after 48 h.”
t0“highbush blueberry”
Claim · model-written summary
Antioxidant activity increased in Star and Cargo after 48 hours.
- Taxon
- highbush blueberryVaccinium corymbosumt0
- Material
- Star and Cargoe0
- Treatment
- Al treatmente0
- Outcome
- antioxidant activitye0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The Al treatment increased total phenols in leaves of Brigitta, Cargo, and Camellia, whereas antioxidant activity increased in Star and Cargo after 48 h.”
t0“highbush blueberry”
Claim · model-written summary
Aluminum decreased root malate concentration in all cultivars.
- Taxon
- highbush blueberryVaccinium corymbosumt0
- Treatment
- Aluminum exposuree0
- Outcome
- malate concentration in rootse0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Aluminum exposure decreased malate concentration in roots of all cultivars, but no change was noted in fumarate concentration.”
t0“highbush blueberry”
Claim · model-written summary
Fumarate concentration did not change under aluminum exposure.
- Taxon
- highbush blueberryVaccinium corymbosumt0
- Treatment
- Aluminum exposuree0
- Outcome
- fumarate concentratione0
- Direction
- no changee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Aluminum exposure decreased malate concentration in roots of all cultivars, but no change was noted in fumarate concentration.”
t0“highbush blueberry”
Claim · model-written summary
Antioxidant activity correlated with photosynthetic performance and total leaf phenols in new cultivars under aluminum.
- Taxon
- highbush blueberryVaccinium corymbosumt0
- Organ / stage
- leavese0
- Treatment
- exposed to Ale0
- Outcome
- antioxidant activitye0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The antioxidant activity correlated with photosynthetic performance and the total phenol concentration in the leaves of new cultivars exposed to Al, suggesting enhanced resistance in the short-term experiment.”
t0“highbush blueberry”
Claim · model-written summary
Principal component analysis separated new from established blueberry cultivars.
- Taxon
- highbush blueberryVaccinium corymbosumt0
- Outcome
- separated the new from the established cultivarse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The principal component analysis separated the new from the established cultivars.”
t0“highbush blueberry”
Claim · model-written summary
New blueberry cultivars appeared more aluminum resistant than established cultivars.
- Taxon
- highbush blueberryVaccinium corymbosumt0
- Material
- new cultivarse0
- Outcome
- Al-resistante0
- Direction
- moree0
- Comparator
- established onese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the new cultivars appear to be more Al-resistant than the established ones, with Star being most Al-sensitive.”
t0“highbush blueberry”
Claim · model-written summary
Star appeared the most aluminum sensitive cultivar.
- Taxon
- highbush blueberryVaccinium corymbosumt0
- Material
- Stare0
- Outcome
- most Al-sensitivee0
- Direction
- moste0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the new cultivars appear to be more Al-resistant than the established ones, with Star being most Al-sensitive.”
t0“highbush blueberry”
Claim · model-written summary
Camellia may exclude aluminum at its roots, possibly through organic acid exudation.
- Taxon
- highbush blueberryVaccinium corymbosumt0
- Material
- Camelliae0
- Outcome
- root Al-exclusion mechanisme0
- Qualifier
- exude organic acide0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Camellia could have a root Al-exclusion mechanism under Al toxicity. This mechanism could be explained by low Al concentration in roots, suggesting that this cultivar could exude organic acid, allowing to chelate Al in the rhizosphere.”
t0“highbush blueberry”
The same questions in other papers
aluminium atom · quality: phytochemicals · Vaccinium corymbosum (highbush blueberry)Results differ
1 in the opposite direction
- negative
aluminium atom · physiology: photosynthesis · Vaccinium corymbosum (highbush blueberry)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- negative
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.