Abstract
The cultivation of horticultural crops, such as green peppers, tomatoes, eggplants and bell peppers is very common in semi-arid Mediterranean climate conditions. Two field experiments were performed to determine the effect of mycorrhizal species, plant species and phosphorus levels on mycorrhizal effectiveness and phosphorus (P) and zinc (Zn) nutrient uptake. In the first experiment, under field conditions, four plants species were inoculated with five arbuscular mycorrhizae (AM) species. In the second field experiment, under the same soil conditions, the same plant species were treated with three levels of phosphorus (P), i.e., control; 50 kg and 100 kg P2O5 ha−1. The most effective mycorrhiza species Claroideoglomus etunicatum selected in the first experiment was used in the second field first experiment. In the first experiment, fruit yield enhancement, yield increase, inoculation effectiveness and nutrient concentration in the plant leaves were analyzed. Under field conditions, plant species growth is strongly dependent on the species of AM fungi. Tomato and green pepper plants were inoculated with Cl. etunicatum, eggplants were inoculated with Funneliformis mosseae and bell peppers were inoculated with Rhizophagus clarus, which are high fruit-yielding plant species. In general, Fu. mosseae and Cl. etunicatum increased the yield of the tomatoes, green peppers and eggplants. It seems mycorrhiza species specific to plant species. In the second experiment, mycorrhizal inoculation with P fertilizer application, in particular a moderate amount of P (50 kg ha−1 P2O5) fertilizer increased the green pepper, bell pepper and tomato fruit yield compared with non-inoculated plants and non-P fertilizer application treatments. Increasing the application of P level reduced the mycorrhizal inoculation effectiveness (MIE). The results indicate that for all four solanaceae family plants 50 kg ha−1 P2O5 is a P level threshold for mycorrhizal development, which enhanced plant growth and addition of fertilizer over 50 kg ha−1 P2O5 reduced MIE. P and Zn uptake were significantly increased with mycorrhizal inoculation. These findings are supported by our hypothesis that mycorrhiza inoculation can reduce mycorrhizal dependent horticultural plants P fertilizer requirement.
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record, shown for indexing and research. Copyright remains with the authors or the publisher. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 18
Claim · model-written summary
Tomato fruit yield was high with Claroideoglomus etunicatum inoculation.
- Taxon
- Tomato
Solanum lycopersicume0 - Treatment
- inoculated with Cl. etunicatume0
- Interactor
- Cl. etunicatume0symbiont
- Outcome
- high fruit-yieldinge0
- Direction
- highe0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Tomato and green pepper plants were inoculated with Cl. etunicatum, eggplants were inoculated with Funneliformis mosseae and bell peppers were inoculated with Rhizophagus clarus, which are high fruit-yielding plant species”
Claim · model-written summary
Green pepper fruit yield was high with Claroideoglomus etunicatum inoculation.
- Taxon
- green peppere0
- Treatment
- inoculated with Cl. etunicatume0
- Interactor
- Cl. etunicatume0symbiont
- Outcome
- high fruit-yieldinge0
- Direction
- highe0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Tomato and green pepper plants were inoculated with Cl. etunicatum, eggplants were inoculated with Funneliformis mosseae and bell peppers were inoculated with Rhizophagus clarus, which are high fruit-yielding plant species”
Claim · model-written summary
Eggplant fruit yield was high with Funneliformis mosseae inoculation.
- Taxon
- eggplants
Solanum melongenae0 - Treatment
- inoculated with Funneliformis mosseaee0
- Interactor
- Funneliformis mosseae
Funneliformis mosseaee0symbiont - Outcome
- high fruit-yieldinge0
- Direction
- highe0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“eggplants were inoculated with Funneliformis mosseae and bell peppers were inoculated with Rhizophagus clarus, which are high fruit-yielding plant species”
Claim · model-written summary
Bell pepper fruit yield was high with Rhizophagus clarus inoculation.
- Taxon
- bell pepperse0
- Treatment
- inoculated with Rhizophagus claruse0
- Interactor
- Rhizophagus clarusRhizophagus claruse0symbiont
- Outcome
- high fruit-yieldinge0
- Direction
- highe0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“bell peppers were inoculated with Rhizophagus clarus, which are high fruit-yielding plant species”
Claim · model-written summary
Funneliformis mosseae generally increased tomato yield.
- Taxon
- tomatoesSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- Fu. mosseaee0
- Interactor
- Fu. mosseaee0symbiont
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Fu. mosseae and Cl. etunicatum increased the yield of the tomatoes, green peppers and eggplants”
Claim · model-written summary
Claroideoglomus etunicatum generally increased tomato yield.
- Taxon
- tomatoesSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- Cl. etunicatume0
- Interactor
- Cl. etunicatume0symbiont
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Fu. mosseae and Cl. etunicatum increased the yield of the tomatoes, green peppers and eggplants”
Claim · model-written summary
Funneliformis mosseae generally increased green pepper yield.
- Taxon
- green pepperse0
- Treatment
- Fu. mosseaee0
- Interactor
- Fu. mosseaee0symbiont
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Fu. mosseae and Cl. etunicatum increased the yield of the tomatoes, green peppers and eggplants”
Claim · model-written summary
Claroideoglomus etunicatum generally increased green pepper yield.
- Taxon
- green pepperse0
- Treatment
- Cl. etunicatume0
- Interactor
- Cl. etunicatume0symbiont
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Fu. mosseae and Cl. etunicatum increased the yield of the tomatoes, green peppers and eggplants”
Claim · model-written summary
Funneliformis mosseae generally increased eggplant yield.
- Taxon
- eggplantsSolanum melongenae0
- Treatment
- Fu. mosseaee0
- Interactor
- Fu. mosseaee0symbiont
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Fu. mosseae and Cl. etunicatum increased the yield of the tomatoes, green peppers and eggplants”
Claim · model-written summary
Claroideoglomus etunicatum generally increased eggplant yield.
- Taxon
- eggplantsSolanum melongenae0
- Treatment
- Cl. etunicatume0
- Interactor
- Cl. etunicatume0symbiont
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Fu. mosseae and Cl. etunicatum increased the yield of the tomatoes, green peppers and eggplants”
Claim · model-written summary
Mycorrhizal inoculation with moderate P increased green pepper fruit yield compared with uninoculated, unfertilized plants.
- Taxon
- green peppere0
- Treatment
- mycorrhizal inoculation with P fertilizer applicatione0
- Outcome
- fruit yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 50 kg ha−1 P2O5e0
- Comparator
- non-inoculated plants and non-P fertilizer application treatmentse0
Not reportedInteractor
Verbatim
e0“mycorrhizal inoculation with P fertilizer application, in particular a moderate amount of P (50 kg ha−1 P2O5) fertilizer increased the green pepper, bell pepper and tomato fruit yield compared with non-inoculated plants and non-P fertilizer application treatments”
Claim · model-written summary
Mycorrhizal inoculation with moderate P increased bell pepper fruit yield.
Verbatim
e0“mycorrhizal inoculation with P fertilizer application, in particular a moderate amount of P (50 kg ha−1 P2O5) fertilizer increased the green pepper, bell pepper and tomato fruit yield compared with non-inoculated plants and non-P fertilizer application treatments”
Claim · model-written summary
Mycorrhizal inoculation with moderate P increased tomato fruit yield.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- mycorrhizal inoculation with P fertilizer applicatione0
- Outcome
- fruit yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 50 kg ha−1 P2O5e0
- Comparator
- non-inoculated plants and non-P fertilizer application treatmentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“mycorrhizal inoculation with P fertilizer application, in particular a moderate amount of P (50 kg ha−1 P2O5) fertilizer increased the green pepper, bell pepper and tomato fruit yield compared with non-inoculated plants and non-P fertilizer application treatments”
Claim · model-written summary
Higher P application reduced mycorrhizal inoculation effectiveness.
- Taxon
- solanaceaeSolanaceaee1
- Treatment
- Increasing the application of P levele0
- Outcome
- mycorrhizal inoculation effectiveness (MIE)e0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Increasing the application of P level reduced the mycorrhizal inoculation effectiveness (MIE)”
e1“all four solanaceae family plants”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors identify 50 kg ha−1 P2O5 as a threshold for mycorrhizal development in four solanaceous crops.
- Taxon
- solanaceaeSolanaceaee0
- Outcome
- P level threshold for mycorrhizal developmente0
- Value
- 50 kg ha−1 P2O5e0
Verbatim
e0“for all four solanaceae family plants 50 kg ha−1 P2O5 is a P level threshold for mycorrhizal development”
Claim · model-written summary
P fertilizer above 50 kg ha−1 P2O5 reduced mycorrhizal inoculation effectiveness.
- Taxon
- solanaceaeSolanaceaee1
- Treatment
- fertilizer over 50 kg ha−1 P2O5e0
- Outcome
- MIEe0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“addition of fertilizer over 50 kg ha−1 P2O5 reduced MIE”
e1“all four solanaceae family plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Mycorrhizal inoculation significantly increased P uptake.
- Taxon
- solanaceaeSolanaceaee1
- Treatment
- mycorrhizal inoculatione0
- Outcome
- P and Zn uptakee0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“P and Zn uptake were significantly increased with mycorrhizal inoculation”
e1“all four solanaceae family plants”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors infer that inoculation can reduce P fertilizer requirement in mycorrhiza-dependent horticultural plants.
Verbatim
e0“mycorrhiza inoculation can reduce mycorrhizal dependent horticultural plants P fertilizer requirement”
The same questions in other papers
mycorrhiza · yield · Capsicum annuum (sweet pepper)Results differ
20 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- negative
- positive
- positive
18 papers more in this group
See all 22 papers →inoculation · yield · Capsicum annuum (sweet pepper)Results differ
33 papers in the same direction as this paper · 3 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- negative
- negative
33 papers more in this group
See all 37 papers →mycorrhiza · yield · Solanum lycopersicum (tomato)Results differ
58 papers in the same direction as this paper · 5 in the opposite direction · 1 reporting no difference from an alternative
- positive
- no effect
- no effect
61 papers more in this group
See all 65 papers →fertilization · yield · Capsicum annuum (sweet pepper)Positive and negative results
140 papers in the same direction as this paper · 23 in the opposite direction · 4 reporting no difference from an alternative
- negative
- negative
- no effect
164 papers more in this group
See all 168 papers →inoculation · yield · Solanum lycopersicum (tomato)Positive and negative results
171 papers in the same direction as this paper · 27 in the opposite direction · 2 reporting no difference from an alternative
- negative
- negative
- no effect
197 papers more in this group
See all 201 papers →fertilization · yield · Solanum lycopersicum (tomato)Positive and negative results
849 papers in the same direction as this paper · 104 in the opposite direction · 24 reporting no difference from an alternative
- no effect
- negative
- negative
974 papers more in this group
See all 978 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.