Abstract
Low light is one of the most common stress factors affecting turfgrass growth. In this study, we investigated the effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus (AMF) on oxidative damage caused by low-light (LL) stress in tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.). Plant growth was inhibited by LL due to the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), including superoxide anions and hydrogen peroxide, which led to lipid peroxidation of membranes. However, AMF inoculation significantly improved the growth of tall fescue. This can be attributed to the high activities of antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and ascorbate peroxidase (APX), as well as the high proline content. In addition, AMF inoculated plants had a high chlorophyll content and high H+-ATPase activity. Moreover, AMF inoculated plants showed high levels of gibberellic acid (GA) and abscisic acid (ABA). These results suggested that AMF could develop LL stress tolerance through enzymatic antioxidants and improve plant growth due to high H+-ATPase activity and high GA and ABA levels.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Low-light stress inhibited the growth of tall fescue.
- Taxon
- tall fescue
Lolium arundinaceumt0 - Treatment
- low-light stresst0
- Outcome
- Plant growthe1
- Direction
- inhibitede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“tall fescue under low-light stress”
e1“Plant growth was inhibited by LL”
Claim · model-written summary
Low-light growth inhibition was attributed to accumulation of reactive oxygen species (superoxide anions, hydrogen peroxide) causing membrane lipid peroxidation.
- Taxon
- tall fescueLolium arundinaceumt0
- Compound
- reactive oxygen species (ROS)e1
- Outcome
- Plant growth was inhibitede1
- Qualifier
- lipid peroxidation of membranese1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“tall fescue under low-light stress”
e1“Plant growth was inhibited by LL due to the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), including superoxide anions and hydrogen peroxide, which led to lipid peroxidation of membranes”
Claim · model-written summary
AMF inoculation significantly improved the growth of tall fescue under low-light stress.
- Taxon
- tall fescueLolium arundinaceumt0
- Treatment
- AMF inoculatione1
- Interactor
- AMFe1symbiont
- Outcome
- growthe1
- Direction
- improvede1
- Setting
- low-light stresst0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“tall fescue under low-light stress”
e1“AMF inoculation significantly improved the growth of tall fescue”
Claim · model-written summary
AMF-inoculated tall fescue had high activities of the antioxidant enzymes SOD, CAT and APX.
- Taxon
- tall fescueLolium arundinaceumt0
- Treatment
- AMF inoculatione1
- Interactor
- AMFe1symbiont
- Outcome
- activities of antioxidant enzymese2
- Direction
- highe2
- Setting
- low-light stresst0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“tall fescue under low-light stress”
e1“AMF inoculation significantly improved the growth of tall fescue”
e2“the high activities of antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and ascorbate peroxidase (APX)”
Claim · model-written summary
AMF-inoculated tall fescue had high proline content.
- Taxon
- tall fescueLolium arundinaceumt0
- Treatment
- AMF inoculatione1
- Interactor
- AMFe1symbiont
- Outcome
- proline contente2
- Direction
- highe2
- Setting
- low-light stresst0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“tall fescue under low-light stress”
e1“AMF inoculation significantly improved the growth of tall fescue”
e2“the high proline content”
Claim · model-written summary
AMF-inoculated tall fescue had high chlorophyll content and high H+-ATPase activity.
- Taxon
- tall fescueLolium arundinaceumt0
- Treatment
- AMF inoculatione1
- Interactor
- AMFe1symbiont
- Outcome
- chlorophyll content and high H+-ATPase activitye2
- Direction
- highe2
- Setting
- low-light stresst0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“tall fescue under low-light stress”
e1“AMF inoculation significantly improved the growth of tall fescue”
e2“AMF inoculated plants had a high chlorophyll content and high H+-ATPase activity”
Claim · model-written summary
AMF-inoculated tall fescue showed high levels of gibberellic acid and abscisic acid.
- Taxon
- tall fescueLolium arundinaceumt0
- Treatment
- AMF inoculatione1
- Interactor
- AMFe1symbiont
- Outcome
- levels of gibberellic acid (GA) and abscisic acid (ABA)e2
- Direction
- highe2
- Setting
- low-light stresst0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“tall fescue under low-light stress”
e1“AMF inoculation significantly improved the growth of tall fescue”
e2“AMF inoculated plants showed high levels of gibberellic acid (GA) and abscisic acid (ABA)”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors conclude AMF could confer low-light stress tolerance through enzymatic antioxidants.
- Taxon
- tall fescueLolium arundinaceumt0
- Treatment
- AMFe1
- Interactor
- AMFe1symbiont
- Outcome
- LL stress tolerancee1
- Qualifier
- enzymatic antioxidantse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“tall fescue under low-light stress”
e1“AMF could develop LL stress tolerance through enzymatic antioxidants”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors conclude AMF improved plant growth owing to high H+-ATPase activity and high GA and ABA levels.
- Taxon
- tall fescueLolium arundinaceumt0
- Treatment
- AMFe1
- Interactor
- AMFe1symbiont
- Gene
- H+-ATPasee1
- Compound
- GA and ABAe1
- Outcome
- plant growthe1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“tall fescue under low-light stress”
e1“AMF could develop LL stress tolerance through enzymatic antioxidants and improve plant growth due to high H+-ATPase activity and high GA and ABA levels”
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Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.