Abstract
This study investigated whether and how brassinosteroids (BRs) mediate the effect of soil-drying during meiosis on spikelet degeneration in rice (Oryza sativa L.). A field-grown rice cultivar was exposed to three soil moisture treatments during meiosis: well-watered (WW), moderate soil-drying (MD) and severe soil-drying (SD). Compared with the WW treatment, the MD treatment enhanced BRs biosynthesis, reduced spikelet degeneration, and increased grain yield. The SD treatment had the opposite effects. Changes in the levels of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), energy charge, activities of enzymes involved in energy metabolism, including cytochrome C oxidase (CCO) and succinate dehydrogenase (SDH), and total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) were consistent with those in BRs levels, whereas the hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) content, vacuolar processing enzyme genes (OsVPE2 and OsVPE3) expression levels and the degree of nuclear DNA fragmentation showed the opposite trend. Knockdown of the BRs synthesis gene OsD11 or application of a BRs biosynthesis inhibitor to young panicles vastly decreased the BRs and ATP contents, energy charge, CCO and SDH activities, and T-AOC in young panicles but increased the H2O2 content, OsVPE2 and OsVPE3 expression, and spikelet degeneration compared to the control, and the opposite effects were observed when exogenous BRs were applied. Therefore, BRs likely mediate the effect of soil-drying on spikelet degeneration, and elevated BRs levels in rice panicles inhibit spikelet degeneration under moderate soil-drying during meiosis by elevating antioxidant capacity and energy status.
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Claims 18
Claim · model-written summary
Moderate soil-drying enhanced brassinosteroid biosynthesis relative to well-watered rice during meiosis.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativae2 - Organ / stage
- meiosise2
- Treatment
- MD treatmente1
- Outcome
- BRs biosynthesise1
- Direction
- enhancede1
- Comparator
- WW treatmente1
- Setting
- field-growne2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Compared with the WW treatment, the MD treatment enhanced BRs biosynthesis, reduced spikelet degeneration, and increased grain yield”
e2“A field-grown rice cultivar was exposed to three soil moisture treatments during meiosis”
Claim · model-written summary
Moderate soil-drying reduced spikelet degeneration relative to well-watered rice during meiosis.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae2
- Organ / stage
- meiosise2
- Treatment
- MD treatmente1
- Outcome
- spikelet degeneratione1
- Direction
- reducede1
- Comparator
- WW treatmente1
- Setting
- field-growne2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Compared with the WW treatment, the MD treatment enhanced BRs biosynthesis, reduced spikelet degeneration, and increased grain yield”
e2“A field-grown rice cultivar was exposed to three soil moisture treatments during meiosis”
Claim · model-written summary
Moderate soil-drying increased grain yield relative to well-watered rice.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae2
- Organ / stage
- meiosise2
- Treatment
- MD treatmente1
- Outcome
- grain yielde1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Comparator
- WW treatmente1
- Setting
- field-growne2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Compared with the WW treatment, the MD treatment enhanced BRs biosynthesis, reduced spikelet degeneration, and increased grain yield”
e2“A field-grown rice cultivar was exposed to three soil moisture treatments during meiosis”
Claim · model-written summary
Severe soil-drying had effects opposite to moderate soil-drying on brassinosteroids, spikelet degeneration and grain yield.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae3
- Treatment
- SD treatmente2
- Outcome
- opposite effectse2
- Comparator
- WW treatmente1
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Compared with the WW treatment, the MD treatment enhanced BRs biosynthesis, reduced spikelet degeneration, and increased grain yield”
e2“The SD treatment had the opposite effects”
e3“A field-grown rice cultivar was exposed to three soil moisture treatments during meiosis”
Claim · model-written summary
Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) levels in rice panicles changed in the same direction as brassinosteroid levels.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae2
- Compound
- BRse1
- Outcome
- adenosine triphosphate (ATP)e1
- Direction
- increaseinferrede1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Changes in the levels of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), energy charge, activities of enzymes involved in energy metabolism, including cytochrome C oxidase (CCO) and succinate dehydrogenase (SDH), and total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) were consistent with those in BRs levels”
e2“A field-grown rice cultivar was exposed to three soil moisture treatments during meiosis”
Claim · model-written summary
Energy charge in rice panicles changed in the same direction as brassinosteroid levels.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae2
- Compound
- BRse1
- Outcome
- energy chargee1
- Direction
- increaseinferrede1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Changes in the levels of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), energy charge, activities of enzymes involved in energy metabolism, including cytochrome C oxidase (CCO) and succinate dehydrogenase (SDH), and total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) were consistent with those in BRs levels”
e2“A field-grown rice cultivar was exposed to three soil moisture treatments during meiosis”
Claim · model-written summary
Activities of energy-metabolism enzymes, including CCO and SDH, changed in the same direction as brassinosteroid levels in rice panicles.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae2
- Compound
- BRse1
- Outcome
- activities of enzymes involved in energy metabolisme1
- Direction
- increaseinferrede1
- Qualifier
- cytochrome C oxidase (CCO) and succinate dehydrogenase (SDH)e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Changes in the levels of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), energy charge, activities of enzymes involved in energy metabolism, including cytochrome C oxidase (CCO) and succinate dehydrogenase (SDH), and total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) were consistent with those in BRs levels”
e2“A field-grown rice cultivar was exposed to three soil moisture treatments during meiosis”
Claim · model-written summary
Total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) changed in the same direction as brassinosteroid levels in rice panicles.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae2
- Compound
- BRse1
- Outcome
- total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC)e1
- Direction
- increaseinferrede1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Changes in the levels of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), energy charge, activities of enzymes involved in energy metabolism, including cytochrome C oxidase (CCO) and succinate dehydrogenase (SDH), and total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) were consistent with those in BRs levels”
e2“A field-grown rice cultivar was exposed to three soil moisture treatments during meiosis”
Claim · model-written summary
Hydrogen peroxide content in rice panicles changed opposite to brassinosteroid levels.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae3
- Compound
- BRse2
- Outcome
- hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) contente1
- Direction
- decreaseinferrede1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“whereas the hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) content, vacuolar processing enzyme genes (OsVPE2 and OsVPE3) expression levels and the degree of nuclear DNA fragmentation showed the opposite trend”
e2“Changes in the levels of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), energy charge, activities of enzymes involved in energy metabolism, including cytochrome C oxidase (CCO) and succinate dehydrogenase (SDH), and total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) were consistent with those in BRs levels”
e3“A field-grown rice cultivar was exposed to three soil moisture treatments during meiosis”
Claim · model-written summary
Expression of OsVPE2 and OsVPE3 changed opposite to brassinosteroid levels in rice panicles.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae3
- Gene
- OsVPE2 and OsVPE3e1
- Compound
- BRse2
- Outcome
- expression levelse1
- Direction
- decreaseinferrede1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“whereas the hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) content, vacuolar processing enzyme genes (OsVPE2 and OsVPE3) expression levels and the degree of nuclear DNA fragmentation showed the opposite trend”
e2“Changes in the levels of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), energy charge, activities of enzymes involved in energy metabolism, including cytochrome C oxidase (CCO) and succinate dehydrogenase (SDH), and total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) were consistent with those in BRs levels”
e3“A field-grown rice cultivar was exposed to three soil moisture treatments during meiosis”
Claim · model-written summary
Degree of nuclear DNA fragmentation in rice panicles changed opposite to brassinosteroid levels.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae3
- Compound
- BRse2
- Outcome
- degree of nuclear DNA fragmentatione1
- Direction
- decreaseinferrede1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“whereas the hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) content, vacuolar processing enzyme genes (OsVPE2 and OsVPE3) expression levels and the degree of nuclear DNA fragmentation showed the opposite trend”
e2“Changes in the levels of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), energy charge, activities of enzymes involved in energy metabolism, including cytochrome C oxidase (CCO) and succinate dehydrogenase (SDH), and total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) were consistent with those in BRs levels”
e3“A field-grown rice cultivar was exposed to three soil moisture treatments during meiosis”
Claim · model-written summary
Knockdown of the BRs synthesis gene OsD11 decreased BRs and ATP contents in young rice panicles.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae2
- Treatment
- Knockdown of the BRs synthesis gene OsD11e1
- Gene
- OsD11e1
- Outcome
- BRs and ATP contentse1
- Direction
- decreasede1
- Comparator
- controle1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Knockdown of the BRs synthesis gene OsD11 or application of a BRs biosynthesis inhibitor to young panicles vastly decreased the BRs and ATP contents, energy charge, CCO and SDH activities, and T-AOC in young panicles but increased the H2O2 content, OsVPE2 and OsVPE3 expression, and spikelet degeneration compared to the control”
e2“A field-grown rice cultivar was exposed to three soil moisture treatments during meiosis”
Claim · model-written summary
Knockdown of the BRs synthesis gene OsD11 increased spikelet degeneration in rice compared with control.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae2
- Treatment
- Knockdown of the BRs synthesis gene OsD11e1
- Gene
- OsD11e1
- Outcome
- spikelet degeneratione1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Comparator
- controle1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Knockdown of the BRs synthesis gene OsD11 or application of a BRs biosynthesis inhibitor to young panicles vastly decreased the BRs and ATP contents, energy charge, CCO and SDH activities, and T-AOC in young panicles but increased the H2O2 content, OsVPE2 and OsVPE3 expression, and spikelet degeneration compared to the control”
e2“A field-grown rice cultivar was exposed to three soil moisture treatments during meiosis”
Claim · model-written summary
Application of a BRs biosynthesis inhibitor to young panicles decreased BRs and ATP contents in rice compared with control.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae2
- Organ / stage
- young paniclese1
- Treatment
- application of a BRs biosynthesis inhibitor to young paniclese1
- Outcome
- BRs and ATP contentse1
- Direction
- decreasede1
- Comparator
- controle1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Knockdown of the BRs synthesis gene OsD11 or application of a BRs biosynthesis inhibitor to young panicles vastly decreased the BRs and ATP contents, energy charge, CCO and SDH activities, and T-AOC in young panicles but increased the H2O2 content, OsVPE2 and OsVPE3 expression, and spikelet degeneration compared to the control”
e2“A field-grown rice cultivar was exposed to three soil moisture treatments during meiosis”
Claim · model-written summary
Application of a BRs biosynthesis inhibitor to young panicles increased spikelet degeneration in rice compared with control.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae2
- Organ / stage
- young paniclese1
- Treatment
- application of a BRs biosynthesis inhibitor to young paniclese1
- Outcome
- spikelet degeneratione1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Comparator
- controle1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Knockdown of the BRs synthesis gene OsD11 or application of a BRs biosynthesis inhibitor to young panicles vastly decreased the BRs and ATP contents, energy charge, CCO and SDH activities, and T-AOC in young panicles but increased the H2O2 content, OsVPE2 and OsVPE3 expression, and spikelet degeneration compared to the control”
e2“A field-grown rice cultivar was exposed to three soil moisture treatments during meiosis”
Claim · model-written summary
Exogenous BRs had effects opposite to those of the BRs synthesis knockdown or inhibitor treatments.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae3
- Treatment
- exogenous BRse1
- Outcome
- opposite effectse1
- Comparator
- controle2
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“the opposite effects were observed when exogenous BRs were applied”
e2“Knockdown of the BRs synthesis gene OsD11 or application of a BRs biosynthesis inhibitor to young panicles vastly decreased the BRs and ATP contents, energy charge, CCO and SDH activities, and T-AOC in young panicles but increased the H2O2 content, OsVPE2 and OsVPE3 expression, and spikelet degeneration compared to the control”
e3“A field-grown rice cultivar was exposed to three soil moisture treatments during meiosis”
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated brassinosteroid levels in rice panicles inhibit spikelet degeneration by elevating antioxidant capacity and energy status.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae1
- Compound
- BRse1
- Outcome
- spikelet degeneratione1
- Qualifier
- by elevating antioxidant capacity and energy statuse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“elevated BRs levels in rice panicles inhibit spikelet degeneration under moderate soil-drying during meiosis by elevating antioxidant capacity and energy status”
Claim · model-written summary
Brassinosteroids likely mediate the effect of soil-drying on spikelet degeneration in rice.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae2
- Treatment
- soil-dryinge1
- Compound
- BRse1
- Outcome
- spikelet degeneratione1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Therefore, BRs likely mediate the effect of soil-drying on spikelet degeneration”
e2“A field-grown rice cultivar was exposed to three soil moisture treatments during meiosis”
The same questions in other papers
class · molecular: metabolites · Oryza sativa (rice)Positive and negative results
1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 14 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
12 papers more in this group
See all 16 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.