Abstract
Soil compaction is a global problem causing inadequate rooting and poor yield in crops. Accumulating evidence indicates that phytohormones coordinately regulate root growth via regulating specific growth processes in distinct tissues. However, how abscisic acid (ABA) signaling translates into auxin production to control root growth during adaptation to different soil environments is still unclear. In this study, we report that ABA has biphasic effects on primary root growth in rice (Oryza sativa) through an auxin biosynthesis-mediated process, causing suppression of root elongation and promotion of root swelling in response to soil compaction. We found that ABA treatment induced the expression of auxin biosynthesis genes and auxin accumulation in roots. Conversely, blocking auxin biosynthesis reduced ABA sensitivity in roots, showing longer and thinner primary roots with larger root meristem size and smaller root diameter. Further investigation revealed that the transcription factor basic region and leucine zipper 46 (OsbZIP46), involved in ABA signaling, can directly bind to the YUCCA8/rice ethylene-insensitive 7 (OsYUC8/REIN7) promoter to activate its expression, and genetic analysis revealed that OsYUC8/REIN7 is located downstream of OsbZIP46. Moreover, roots of mutants defective in ABA or auxin biosynthesis displayed the enhanced ability to penetrate compacted soil. Thus, our results disclose the mechanism in which ABA employs auxin as a downstream signal to modify root elongation and radial expansion, resulting in short and swollen roots impaired in their ability to penetrate compacted soil. These findings provide avenues for breeders to select crops resilient to soil compaction.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
ABA suppressed rice primary root elongation in response to compaction.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativae0 - Treatment
- ABAe0
- Outcome
- root elongatione0
- Direction
- suppressione0
- Setting
- soil compactione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“ABA has biphasic effects on primary root growth in rice (Oryza sativa) through an auxin biosynthesis-mediated process, causing suppression of root elongation and promotion of root swelling in response to soil compaction”
Claim · model-written summary
ABA promoted rice root swelling in response to compaction.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- ABAe0
- Outcome
- root swellinge0
- Direction
- promotione0
- Setting
- soil compactione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“ABA has biphasic effects on primary root growth in rice (Oryza sativa) through an auxin biosynthesis-mediated process, causing suppression of root elongation and promotion of root swelling in response to soil compaction”
Claim · model-written summary
ABA treatment induced auxin biosynthesis gene expression in rice roots.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Organ / stage
- rootse0
- Treatment
- ABA treatmente0
- Outcome
- expression of auxin biosynthesis genese0
- Direction
- inducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“ABA treatment induced the expression of auxin biosynthesis genes and auxin accumulation in roots”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
ABA treatment induced auxin accumulation in rice roots.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Organ / stage
- rootse0
- Treatment
- ABA treatmente0
- Outcome
- auxin accumulatione0
- Direction
- inducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“ABA treatment induced the expression of auxin biosynthesis genes and auxin accumulation in roots”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Blocking auxin biosynthesis reduced ABA sensitivity in rice roots.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- blocking auxin biosynthesise0
- Outcome
- ABA sensitivitye0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“blocking auxin biosynthesis reduced ABA sensitivity in roots, showing longer and thinner primary roots with larger root meristem size and smaller root diameter”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Blocking auxin biosynthesis produced longer and thinner rice primary roots, larger meristems and smaller root diameters.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- blocking auxin biosynthesise0
- Outcome
- primary roots with larger root meristem size and smaller root diametere0
- Direction
- longer and thinnere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“blocking auxin biosynthesis reduced ABA sensitivity in roots, showing longer and thinner primary roots with larger root meristem size and smaller root diameter”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
OsbZIP46 directly bound the OsYUC8/REIN7 promoter and activated its expression in rice.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Gene
- OsbZIP46e0
- Outcome
- activate its expressione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the transcription factor basic region and leucine zipper 46 (OsbZIP46), involved in ABA signaling, can directly bind to the YUCCA8/rice ethylene-insensitive 7 (OsYUC8/REIN7) promoter to activate its expression”
Claim · model-written summary
OsYUC8/REIN7 was genetically placed downstream of OsbZIP46 in rice.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Gene
- OsYUC8/REIN7e0
- Outcome
- located downstream of OsbZIP46e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“genetic analysis revealed that OsYUC8/REIN7 is located downstream of OsbZIP46”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Rice mutants defective in ABA biosynthesis penetrated compacted soil better.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Material
- mutants defective in ABAe0
- Outcome
- ability to penetrate compacted soile0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“roots of mutants defective in ABA or auxin biosynthesis displayed the enhanced ability to penetrate compacted soil”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Rice mutants defective in auxin biosynthesis penetrated compacted soil better.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Material
- mutants defective in ABA or auxin biosynthesise0
- Outcome
- ability to penetrate compacted soile0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“roots of mutants defective in ABA or auxin biosynthesis displayed the enhanced ability to penetrate compacted soil”
t0“rice”
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