Abstract
The genetic identities of Ca2+ channels in root hair (RH) tips essential for constitutive RH growth have remained elusive for decades. Here, we report the identification and characterization of three cyclic nucleotide-gated channel (CNGC) family members, CNGC5, CNGC6, and CNGC9, as Ca2+ channels essential for constitutive RH growth in Arabidopsis. We found that the cngc5-1cngc6-2cngc9-1 triple mutant (designated shrh1) showed significantly shorter and branching RH phenotypes as compared with the wild type. The defective RH growth phenotype of shrh1 could be rescued by either the expression of CNGC5, CNGC6, or CNGC9 single gene or by the supply of high external Ca2+, but could not be rescued by external K+ supply. Cytosolic Ca2+ imaging and patch-clamp data in HEK293T cells showed that these three CNGCs all function as Ca2+-permeable channels. Cytosolic Ca2+ imaging in growing RHs further showed that the Ca2+ gradients and their oscillation in RH tips were dramatically attenuated in shrh1 compared with those in the wild type. Phenotypic analysis revealed that these three CNGCs are Ca2+ channels essential for constitutive RH growth, with different roles in RHs from the conditional player CNGC14. Moreover, we found that these three CNGCs are involved in auxin signaling in RHs. Taken together, our study identified CNGC5, CNGC6, and CNGC9 as three key Ca2+ channels essential for constitutive RH growth and auxin signaling in Arabidopsis. Download : Download video (4MB)
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
The cngc5 cngc6 cngc9 triple mutant had significantly shorter and branching root hair phenotypes than wild type.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis
Arabidopsise0 - Material
- cngc5-1cngc6-2cngc9-1e1
- Treatment
- triple mutante1
- Outcome
- RH phenotypese1
- Direction
- shortere1
- Qualifier
- branchinge1
- Comparator
- wild typee1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“essential for constitutive RH growth in Arabidopsis”
e1“We found that the cngc5-1cngc6-2cngc9-1 triple mutant (designated shrh1) showed significantly shorter and branching RH phenotypes as compared with the wild type”
Claim · model-written summary
Single-gene expression of CNGC5, CNGC6 or CNGC9 rescued the defective root hair growth of shrh1.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsise0
- Treatment
- expression of CNGC5, CNGC6, or CNGC9 single genee2
- Gene
- CNGC5, CNGC6, or CNGC9e2
- Outcome
- defective RH growth phenotypee2
- Direction
- could be rescuede2
- Comparator
- shrh1e2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“essential for constitutive RH growth in Arabidopsis”
e2“The defective RH growth phenotype of shrh1 could be rescued by either the expression of CNGC5, CNGC6, or CNGC9 single gene or by the supply of high external Ca2+, but could not be rescued by external K+ supply”
Claim · model-written summary
High external Ca2+ rescued the defective root hair growth of shrh1.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsise0
- Treatment
- supply of high external Ca2+e2
- Outcome
- defective RH growth phenotypee2
- Direction
- could be rescuede2
- Comparator
- shrh1e2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“essential for constitutive RH growth in Arabidopsis”
e2“The defective RH growth phenotype of shrh1 could be rescued by either the expression of CNGC5, CNGC6, or CNGC9 single gene or by the supply of high external Ca2+, but could not be rescued by external K+ supply”
Claim · model-written summary
External K+ supply did not rescue the defective root hair growth of shrh1.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsise0
- Treatment
- external K+ supplye2
- Outcome
- defective RH growth phenotypee2
- Direction
- could not be rescuede2
- Comparator
- shrh1e2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“essential for constitutive RH growth in Arabidopsis”
e2“The defective RH growth phenotype of shrh1 could be rescued by either the expression of CNGC5, CNGC6, or CNGC9 single gene or by the supply of high external Ca2+, but could not be rescued by external K+ supply”
Claim · model-written summary
CNGC5, CNGC6 and CNGC9 each function as Ca2+-permeable channels in HEK293T cells.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsise0
- Gene
- these three CNGCse3
- Outcome
- Ca2+-permeable channelse3
- Setting
- HEK293T cellse3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“essential for constitutive RH growth in Arabidopsis”
e3“Cytosolic Ca2+ imaging and patch-clamp data in HEK293T cells showed that these three CNGCs all function as Ca2+-permeable channels”
Claim · model-written summary
Ca2+ gradients and their oscillation in root hair tips were attenuated in shrh1 compared with wild type.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsise0
- Treatment
- shrh1e4
- Outcome
- Ca2+ gradients and their oscillation in RH tipse4
- Direction
- attenuatede4
- Comparator
- wild typee4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“essential for constitutive RH growth in Arabidopsis”
e4“Cytosolic Ca2+ imaging in growing RHs further showed that the Ca2+ gradients and their oscillation in RH tips were dramatically attenuated in shrh1 compared with those in the wild type”
Claim · model-written summary
CNGC5, CNGC6 and CNGC9 are involved in auxin signaling in root hairs.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsise0
- Gene
- these three CNGCse5
- Outcome
- auxin signaling in RHse5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“essential for constitutive RH growth in Arabidopsis”
e5“we found that these three CNGCs are involved in auxin signaling in RHs”
Claim · model-written summary
CNGC5, CNGC6 and CNGC9 are Ca2+ channels essential for constitutive root hair growth, with roles different from CNGC14.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsise0
- Gene
- these three CNGCse6
- Outcome
- constitutive RH growthe6
- Qualifier
- different rolese6
- Comparator
- CNGC14e6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“essential for constitutive RH growth in Arabidopsis”
e6“Phenotypic analysis revealed that these three CNGCs are Ca2+ channels essential for constitutive RH growth, with different roles in RHs from the conditional player CNGC14”
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