Abstract
In the present study, experiments were performed to investigate the role of nitric oxide (NO) in magnetopriming‐induced seed germination and early growth characteristics of soybean ( Glycine max ) seedlings under salt stress. The NO donor (sodium nitroprusside, SNP), NO scavenger (2‐[4‐carboxyphenyl]‐4,4,5,5‐tetramethylimidazoline‐1‐oxyl‐3‐oxide, CPTIO), inhibitors of nitrate reductase (sodium tungstate, ST) or NO synthase (N‐nitro‐L‐Arg‐methyl ester, LNAME) and NADPH oxidase inhibitor (diphenylene iodonium, DPI) have been used to measure the role of NO in the alleviation of salinity stress by static magnetic field (SMF of 200 mT, 1 h). Salt stress (50 mM NaCl) significantly reduced germination and early growth of seedlings emerged from non‐primed seeds. Pre‐treatment of seeds with SMF positively stimulated the germination and consequently promoted the seedling growth. ST, LNAME, CPTIO and DPI significantly decreased the growth of seedling, activities of α‐amylase, protease and nitrate reductase (NR), hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ), superoxide (O 2 •− ) and NO content in roots of seedlings emerged from non‐primed and SMF‐primed seeds. However, the extent of reduction was higher with ST in seedlings of SMF‐primed seeds under both conditions, whereas SNP promoted all the studied parameters. Moreover, the generation of NO was also confirmed microscopically using a membrane permanent fluorochrome (4‐5‐diaminofluorescein diacetate [DAF‐2 DA]). Further, analysis showed that SMF enhanced the NR activity and triggered the NO production and NR was maximally decreased by ST as compared to LNAME, CPTIO and DPI. Thus, in addition to ROS, NO might be one of the important signaling molecules in magnetopriming‐induced salt tolerance in soybean and NR may be responsible for SMF‐triggered NO generation in roots of soybean.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
Static magnetic field pre-treatment of seeds positively stimulated germination of soybean under salt stress relative to non-primed seeds.
- Taxon
- Glycine max
Glycine maxe0 - Treatment
- Pre‐treatment of seeds with SMFe2
- Outcome
- germinatione2
- Direction
- positively stimulatede2
- Qualifier
- under salt stresse0
- Comparator
- non‐primed seedse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“early growth characteristics of soybean ( Glycine max ) seedlings under salt stress”
e1“Salt stress (50 mM NaCl) significantly reduced germination and early growth of seedlings emerged from non‐primed seeds”
e2“Pre‐treatment of seeds with SMF positively stimulated the germination and consequently promoted the seedling growth”
Claim · model-written summary
Salt stress (50 mM NaCl) significantly reduced germination and early growth of soybean seedlings from non-primed seeds.
- Taxon
- Glycine maxGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- Salt stress (50 mM NaCl)e1
- Outcome
- germination and early growthe1
- Direction
- reducede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“early growth characteristics of soybean ( Glycine max ) seedlings under salt stress”
e1“Salt stress (50 mM NaCl) significantly reduced germination and early growth of seedlings emerged from non‐primed seeds”
Claim · model-written summary
The sodium tungstate (ST) inhibitor significantly decreased soybean seedling growth.
- Taxon
- Glycine maxGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- STe3
- Outcome
- growth of seedlinge3
- Direction
- decreasede3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“early growth characteristics of soybean ( Glycine max ) seedlings under salt stress”
e3“ST, LNAME, CPTIO and DPI significantly decreased the growth of seedling”
Claim · model-written summary
The N-nitro-L-Arg-methyl ester (LNAME) inhibitor significantly decreased soybean seedling growth.
- Taxon
- Glycine maxGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- LNAMEe3
- Outcome
- growth of seedlinge3
- Direction
- decreasede3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“early growth characteristics of soybean ( Glycine max ) seedlings under salt stress”
e3“ST, LNAME, CPTIO and DPI significantly decreased the growth of seedling”
Claim · model-written summary
The 2-(4-carboxyphenyl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazoline-1-oxyl-3-oxide (CPTIO) NO scavenger significantly decreased soybean seedling growth.
- Taxon
- Glycine maxGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- CPTIOe3
- Outcome
- growth of seedlinge3
- Direction
- decreasede3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“early growth characteristics of soybean ( Glycine max ) seedlings under salt stress”
e3“ST, LNAME, CPTIO and DPI significantly decreased the growth of seedling”
Claim · model-written summary
The diphenylene iodonium (DPI) NADPH oxidase inhibitor significantly decreased soybean seedling growth.
- Taxon
- Glycine maxGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- DPIe3
- Outcome
- growth of seedlinge3
- Direction
- decreasede3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“early growth characteristics of soybean ( Glycine max ) seedlings under salt stress”
e3“ST, LNAME, CPTIO and DPI significantly decreased the growth of seedling”
Claim · model-written summary
The sodium nitroprusside (SNP) NO donor promoted all the studied parameters in soybean.
- Taxon
- Glycine maxGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- SNPe4
- Outcome
- all the studied parameterse4
- Direction
- promotede4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“early growth characteristics of soybean ( Glycine max ) seedlings under salt stress”
e4“SNP promoted all the studied parameters”
Claim · model-written summary
Static magnetic field enhanced nitrate reductase activity in soybean seedlings.
- Taxon
- Glycine maxGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- SMFe5
- Outcome
- NR activitye5
- Direction
- enhancede5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“early growth characteristics of soybean ( Glycine max ) seedlings under salt stress”
e5“SMF enhanced the NR activity and triggered the NO production”
Claim · model-written summary
Static magnetic field triggered nitric oxide production in soybean seedlings.
- Taxon
- Glycine maxGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- SMFe5
- Outcome
- NO productione5
- Direction
- triggerede5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“early growth characteristics of soybean ( Glycine max ) seedlings under salt stress”
e5“SMF enhanced the NR activity and triggered the NO production”
Claim · model-written summary
Sodium tungstate maximally decreased nitrate reductase compared with LNAME, CPTIO and DPI.
- Taxon
- Glycine maxGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- STe6
- Outcome
- NRe6
- Direction
- maximally decreasede6
- Comparator
- LNAME, CPTIO and DPIe6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“early growth characteristics of soybean ( Glycine max ) seedlings under salt stress”
e6“NR was maximally decreased by ST as compared to LNAME, CPTIO and DPI”
Claim · model-written summary
Generation of nitric oxide in soybean roots was confirmed microscopically with a fluorochrome.
- Taxon
- Glycine maxGlycine maxe0
- Outcome
- generation of NOe7
- Qualifier
- confirmed microscopically using a membrane permanent fluorochromee7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“early growth characteristics of soybean ( Glycine max ) seedlings under salt stress”
e7“the generation of NO was also confirmed microscopically using a membrane permanent fluorochrome”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitric oxide might be one of the important signaling molecules in magnetopriming-induced salt tolerance in soybean.
- Taxon
- Glycine maxGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- magnetopriminge1
- Compound
- NOe1
- Outcome
- salt tolerancee1
- Qualifier
- might be one of the important signaling moleculese1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“early growth characteristics of soybean ( Glycine max ) seedlings under salt stress”
e1“Thus, in addition to ROS, NO might be one of the important signaling molecules in magnetopriming‐induced salt tolerance in soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrate reductase may be responsible for static magnetic field-triggered nitric oxide generation in soybean roots.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe1
- Treatment
- SMFe1
- Gene
- NRe1
- Outcome
- NO generation in rootse1
- Qualifier
- may be responsiblee1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“early growth characteristics of soybean ( Glycine max ) seedlings under salt stress”
e1“NR may be responsible for SMF‐triggered NO generation in roots of soybean”
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