Abstract
Salinity is considered as one of the devastating abiotic stress factors and global climate change has further worsened the situation. Present experiments were aimed to evaluate the role of calcium (Ca) availability on growth and salinity tolerance mechanisms in soybean. Seedlings were grown with (2 mM Ca) and without Ca supplementation and modulation in key physiological and biochemical parameters were studied. Salinity (100 mM NaCl) stress resulted in growth reduction in terms of height and biomass accumulation, which was more pronounced in Ca-deficient plants. Relative to control (Ca deficient) and NaCl stressed plants, Ca supplemented seedlings exhibited higher relative water content, pigment synthesis and the photosynthetic efficiency. Ca availability affected the synthesis of proline, glycine betaine and soluble sugars under normal and saline growth conditions. Optimal Ca supplementation up-regulated the activities of antioxidant enzymes assayed and the contents of non-enzymatic antioxidants (ascorbate, glutathione, and tocopherol) thereby reflecting in amelioration of NaCl induced oxidative damage. Moreover, increased accumulation of phenols due to Ca supplementation and the amelioration of NaCl mediated decline if nitrate reductase activity was observed. More importantly, Ca availability reduced the accumulation of Na under control and NaCl stressed conditions restricting the damging effects on metabolism. Availability of optimal Ca potentially regulates the salinity tolerance mechanisms in soybean by maintaining osmoregulation and antioxidant metabolism.
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record; open copy licensed cc-by-sa. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Salinity reduced seedling height and biomass, more strongly under calcium deficiency.
- Taxon
- soybean
Glycine maxt0 - Treatment
- Salinity (100 mM NaCl) stresse0
- Outcome
- height and biomass accumulatione0
- Direction
- reductione0
- Comparator
- Ca-deficient plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Salinity (100 mM NaCl) stress resulted in growth reduction in terms of height and biomass accumulation, which was more pronounced in Ca-deficient plants”
t0“soybean seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Calcium supplementation increased relative water content, pigment synthesis and photosynthetic efficiency relative to deficient controls and salt-stressed plants.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- Ca supplementede0
- Outcome
- relative water content, pigment synthesis and the photosynthetic efficiencye0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- control (Ca deficient) and NaCl stressed plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Relative to control (Ca deficient) and NaCl stressed plants, Ca supplemented seedlings exhibited higher relative water content, pigment synthesis and the photosynthetic efficiency”
t0“soybean seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Calcium availability affected proline, glycine betaine and soluble sugar synthesis under normal and saline conditions.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- Ca availabilitye0
- Outcome
- synthesis of proline, glycine betaine and soluble sugarse0
- Qualifier
- under normal and saline growth conditionse0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Ca availability affected the synthesis of proline, glycine betaine and soluble sugars under normal and saline growth conditions”
t0“soybean seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Calcium supplementation upregulated antioxidant enzyme activities.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- Optimal Ca supplementatione0
- Outcome
- activities of antioxidant enzymes assayede0
- Direction
- up-regulatede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Optimal Ca supplementation up-regulated the activities of antioxidant enzymes assayed”
t0“soybean seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Calcium supplementation increased ascorbate, glutathione and tocopherol contents.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- Optimal Ca supplementatione0
- Outcome
- contents of non-enzymatic antioxidants (ascorbate, glutathione, and tocopherol)e0
- Direction
- up-regulatede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Optimal Ca supplementation up-regulated the activities of antioxidant enzymes assayed and the contents of non-enzymatic antioxidants (ascorbate, glutathione, and tocopherol)”
t0“soybean seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Calcium supplementation ameliorated salt induced oxidative damage.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- Ca supplementatione1
- Outcome
- NaCl induced oxidative damagee0
- Direction
- amelioratione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“thereby reflecting in amelioration of NaCl induced oxidative damage”
e1“Optimal Ca supplementation up-regulated the activities of antioxidant enzymes assayed”
t0“soybean seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Calcium supplementation increased phenol accumulation.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- Ca supplementatione0
- Outcome
- accumulation of phenolse0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“increased accumulation of phenols due to Ca supplementation”
t0“soybean seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Calcium ameliorated the salt mediated decline in nitrate reductase activity.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- Ca supplementatione1
- Outcome
- nitrate reductase activitye0
- Direction
- amelioratione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the amelioration of NaCl mediated decline if nitrate reductase activity was observed”
e1“Optimal Ca supplementation up-regulated the activities of antioxidant enzymes assayed”
t0“soybean seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Calcium availability reduced sodium accumulation under control and salt stress.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- Ca availabilitye0
- Outcome
- accumulation of Nae0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Ca availability reduced the accumulation of Na under control and NaCl stressed conditions”
t0“soybean seedlings”
The same questions in other papers
sodium chloride · growth · Glycine max (soybean)Results differ
46 papers in the same direction as this paper · 11 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
54 papers more in this group
See all 58 papers →calcium atom · physiology: photosynthesis · Glycine max (soybean)Positive and negative results
2 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- no effect
calcium atom · physiology: enzyme activity · Glycine max (soybean)Positive and negative results
2 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- negative
- positive
- positive
calcium atom · molecular: metabolites · Glycine max (soybean)Positive and negative results
10 papers in the same direction as this paper · 5 in the opposite direction
- negative
- no effect
- no effect
12 papers more in this group
See all 16 papers →calcium atom · quality: phytochemicals · Glycine max (soybean)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
calcium atom · physiology: antioxidant enzymes · Glycine max (soybean)Results agree
6 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
3 papers more in this group
See all 7 papers →salinity · growth · Glycine max (soybean)Positive and negative results
109 papers in the same direction as this paper · 6 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
112 papers more in this group
See all 116 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.