Abstract
Soluble carbohydrates not only directly affect plant growth and development but also act as signal molecules in processes that enhance tolerance to cold stress. Raffinose family oligosaccharides (RFOs) are an example and play an important role in abiotic stress tolerance. This study aimed to determine whether galactinol, a key limiting factor in RFO biosynthesis, functions as a signal molecule in triggering cold tolerance. Exposure to low temperatures induces the expression of galactinol synthase (AnGolS1) in Ammopiptanthus nanus, a desert plant that survives temperatures between -30 °C to 47 °C. AnGolS1 has a greater catalytic activity than tomato galactinol synthase (SlGolS2). Moreover, SlGolS2 is expressed only at low levels. Expression of AnGolS1 in tomato enhanced cold tolerance and led to changes in the sugar composition of the seeds and seedlings. AnGolS1 transgenic tomato lines exhibited an enhanced capacity for ethylene (ET) signaling. The application of galactinol abolished the repression of the ET signaling pathway by 1-methylcyclopropene during seed germination. In addition, the expression of ERF transcription factors was increased. Galactinol may therefore act as a signal molecule affecting the ET pathway.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
AnGolS1 has greater catalytic activity than tomato galactinol synthase (SlGolS2).
- Taxon
- tomato
Solanum lycopersicumt0 - Gene
- AnGolS1e1
- Outcome
- catalytic activitye1
- Direction
- greatere1
- Comparator
- tomato galactinol synthase (SlGolS2)e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“AnGolS1 has a greater catalytic activity than tomato galactinol synthase (SlGolS2)”
t0“in tomato improves tolerance to cold stress”
Claim · model-written summary
SlGolS2 is expressed only at low levels.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Gene
- SlGolS2e2
- Outcome
- expressed only at low levelse2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“SlGolS2 is expressed only at low levels”
t0“in tomato improves tolerance to cold stress”
Claim · model-written summary
Expression of AnGolS1 in tomato enhanced cold tolerance.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume3
- Treatment
- Expression of AnGolS1e3
- Gene
- AnGolS1e3
- Outcome
- cold tolerancee3
- Direction
- enhancede3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“Expression of AnGolS1 in tomato enhanced cold tolerance and led to changes in the sugar composition of the seeds and seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Expression of AnGolS1 in tomato led to changes in the sugar composition of seeds and seedlings.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume3
- Organ / stage
- seeds and seedlingse3
- Treatment
- Expression of AnGolS1e3
- Outcome
- sugar composition of the seeds and seedlingse3
- Direction
- changese3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“Expression of AnGolS1 in tomato enhanced cold tolerance and led to changes in the sugar composition of the seeds and seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
AnGolS1 transgenic tomato lines exhibited enhanced ethylene (ET) signaling capacity.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume4
- Treatment
- AnGolS1 transgenic tomato linese4
- Gene
- AnGolS1e4
- Outcome
- capacity for ethylene (ET) signalinge4
- Direction
- enhancede4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e4“AnGolS1 transgenic tomato lines exhibited an enhanced capacity for ethylene (ET) signaling”
Claim · model-written summary
Application of galactinol abolished the repression of the ET signaling pathway by 1-methylcyclopropene during tomato seed germination.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- application of galactinole5
- Compound
- galactinole5
- Outcome
- repression of the ET signaling pathwaye5
- Direction
- abolishede5
- Qualifier
- by 1-methylcyclopropene during seed germinatione5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e5“The application of galactinol abolished the repression of the ET signaling pathway by 1-methylcyclopropene during seed germination”
t0“in tomato improves tolerance to cold stress”
Claim · model-written summary
The expression of ERF transcription factors was increased in tomato.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Gene
- ERF transcription factorse6
- Outcome
- expression of ERF transcription factorse6
- Direction
- increasede6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e6“the expression of ERF transcription factors was increased”
t0“in tomato improves tolerance to cold stress”
Claim · model-written summary
Galactinol may act as a signal molecule affecting the ET pathway in tomato.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Compound
- Galactinole7
- Outcome
- ET pathwaye7
- Qualifier
- may therefore act as a signal moleculee7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e7“Galactinol may therefore act as a signal molecule affecting the ET pathway”
t0“in tomato improves tolerance to cold stress”
Claim · model-written summary
Low-temperature exposure induced expression of galactinol synthase AnGolS1 in Ammopiptanthus nanus.
- Taxon
- Ammopiptanthus nanusAmmopiptanthus nanuse0
- Treatment
- Exposure to low temperaturese0
- Gene
- AnGolS1e0
- Outcome
- expression of galactinol synthase (AnGolS1)e0
- Direction
- inducese0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Exposure to low temperatures induces the expression of galactinol synthase (AnGolS1) in Ammopiptanthus nanus”
The same questions in other papers
transgenic · tolerance: abiotic · Solanum lycopersicum (tomato)Positive and negative results
4 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- positive
- negative
- positive
2 papers more in this group
See all 6 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.