Abstract
Diseases of carrot (Daucus carota L.) that cause yield losses include bacterial soft-rot incited by Pectobacterium carotovorum pv. carotovorum (Jones) Waldee; bacterial leaf blight incited by Xanthomonas campestris pv. carotae (Pammel) Dowson; fungal leaf blight incited by Alternaria dauci (J.G. Kühn) J.W. Groves & Skolko; rot incited by Fusarium solani (Martius) Sacc., and crown rot incited by Rhizoctonia solani Kuhn. Nanoparticles are used to increase plant growth and provide protection against plant pathogens on various crops, but their effectiveness on carrot is not well understood. Effect of silicon dioxide nanoparticles (SiO2 NPs) after seed were primed, or applied to foliage, on inhibition of P. carotovorum, X. campestris pv. carotae, A. dauci, F. solani or R. solani, on growth, chlorophyll, carotenoid and proline contents of carrot were determined. Inoculation of plants with all pathogens reduced shoot and root dry weights, and chlorophyll and carotenoid contents over uninoculated controls. Inoculation of R. solani caused the greatest reduction (65.18%) in root dry weight and X. campestris pv. carotae the least (20.13%). Seed priming or foliar application with SiO2 NPs increased plant growth, and chlorophyll and carotenoid contents in inoculated plants, and the uninoculated control. Foliar application was better than seed priming in increasing growth, and chlorophyll and carotenoid contents of inoculated plants. The least increase in root dry weight (17.09%) was when plants derived from SiO2 NPs primed seed were inoculated with P. carotovorum, and the most was with foliar-applied SiO2 NPs against R. solani (85.29%). Individual inoculation of plants with pathogens caused increased proline content over the uninoculated control. Proline contents were further increased by the application of SiO2 NPs. Soft rot and bacterial blight index was 3 of 5 when plants were inoculated with P. carotovorum and X. campestris pv. carotae, respectively. Leaf blight/crown rot and root-rot indices were 4 of 5 when inoculation was with A. dauci, F. solani, and R. solani. Application of SiO2 NPs could be useful for the control of bacteria and fungi infecting carrot.
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Claims 16
Claim · model-written summary
Pathogen inoculation reduced carrot shoot and root dry weights and chlorophyll and carotenoid contents.
- Taxon
- carrot
Daucus carotat0 - Treatment
- Inoculation of plants with all pathogense0
- Outcome
- shoot and root dry weights, and chlorophyll and carotenoid contentse0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Comparator
- uninoculated controlse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Inoculation of plants with all pathogens reduced shoot and root dry weights, and chlorophyll and carotenoid contents over uninoculated controls.”
t0“on carrot”
Claim · model-written summary
R. solani caused the greatest root dry weight reduction, 65.18%.
- Taxon
- carrotDaucus carotat0
- Treatment
- Inoculation of R. solanie0
- Interactor
- R. solani
Rhizoctonia solanie0pathogen - Outcome
- root dry weighte0
- Direction
- reductione0
- Value
- 65.18%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Inoculation of R. solani caused the greatest reduction (65.18%) in root dry weight”
t0“on carrot”
Claim · model-written summary
X. campestris pv. carotae caused the least root dry weight reduction, 20.13%.
- Taxon
- carrotDaucus carotat0
- Treatment
- X. campestris pv. carotaee0
- Interactor
- X. campestris pv. carotaeXanthomonas hortorum pv. carotaee0pathogen
- Outcome
- root dry weighte1
- Direction
- leaste0
- Value
- 20.13%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“X. campestris pv. carotae the least (20.13%)”
e1“in root dry weight and X. campestris pv. carotae the least (20.13%)”
t0“on carrot”
Claim · model-written summary
Seed priming with SiO2 NPs increased growth and chlorophyll and carotenoid contents in inoculated and uninoculated carrots.
- Taxon
- carrotDaucus carotat0
- Treatment
- Seed priminge0
- Outcome
- plant growth, and chlorophyll and carotenoid contentse0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Seed priming or foliar application with SiO2 NPs increased plant growth, and chlorophyll and carotenoid contents in inoculated plants, and the uninoculated control.”
t0“on carrot”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar SiO2 NPs increased growth and chlorophyll and carotenoid contents in inoculated and uninoculated carrots.
- Taxon
- carrotDaucus carotat0
- Treatment
- foliar application with SiO2 NPse0
- Outcome
- plant growth, and chlorophyll and carotenoid contentse0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Seed priming or foliar application with SiO2 NPs increased plant growth, and chlorophyll and carotenoid contents in inoculated plants, and the uninoculated control.”
t0“on carrot”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar application outperformed seed priming for growth and pigment contents in inoculated carrots.
- Taxon
- carrotDaucus carotat0
- Treatment
- Foliar applicatione0
- Outcome
- growth, and chlorophyll and carotenoid contentse0
- Direction
- bettere0
- Comparator
- seed priminge0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Foliar application was better than seed priming in increasing growth, and chlorophyll and carotenoid contents of inoculated plants.”
t0“on carrot”
Claim · model-written summary
SiO2 NP seed priming gave a 17.09% root dry weight increase with P. carotovorum inoculation.
- Taxon
- carrotDaucus carotat0
- Treatment
- SiO2 NPs primed seede0
- Interactor
- P. carotovorum
Pectobacterium carotovorume0pathogen - Outcome
- root dry weighte0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Value
- 17.09%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The least increase in root dry weight (17.09%) was when plants derived from SiO2 NPs primed seed were inoculated with P. carotovorum”
t0“on carrot”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar SiO2 NPs gave an 85.29% root dry weight increase against R. solani.
- Taxon
- carrotDaucus carotat0
- Treatment
- foliar-applied SiO2 NPse0
- Interactor
- R. solaniRhizoctonia solanie0pathogen
- Outcome
- root dry weighte1
- Direction
- increasee1
- Value
- 85.29%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the most was with foliar-applied SiO2 NPs against R. solani (85.29%)”
e1“The least increase in root dry weight (17.09%) was when plants derived from SiO2 NPs primed seed were inoculated with P. carotovorum, and the most was with foliar-applied SiO2 NPs against R. solani (85.29%)”
t0“on carrot”
Claim · model-written summary
Individual pathogen inoculation increased carrot proline content.
- Taxon
- carrotDaucus carotat0
- Treatment
- Individual inoculation of plants with pathogense0
- Outcome
- proline contente0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- uninoculated controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Individual inoculation of plants with pathogens caused increased proline content over the uninoculated control.”
t0“on carrot”
Claim · model-written summary
SiO2 NPs further increased carrot proline content.
- Taxon
- carrotDaucus carotat0
- Treatment
- application of SiO2 NPse0
- Outcome
- Proline contentse0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Proline contents were further increased by the application of SiO2 NPs.”
t0“on carrot”
Claim · model-written summary
P. carotovorum inoculation gave a soft rot index of 3 of 5.
- Taxon
- carrotDaucus carotat0
- Treatment
- inoculated with P. carotovorume0
- Interactor
- P. carotovorumPectobacterium carotovorume0pathogen
- Outcome
- Soft rote0
- Value
- 3 of 5e0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Soft rot and bacterial blight index was 3 of 5 when plants were inoculated with P. carotovorum and X. campestris pv. carotae, respectively.”
t0“on carrot”
Claim · model-written summary
X. campestris pv. carotae inoculation gave a bacterial blight index of 3 of 5.
- Taxon
- carrotDaucus carotat0
- Treatment
- X. campestris pv. carotaee0
- Interactor
- X. campestris pv. carotaeXanthomonas hortorum pv. carotaee0pathogen
- Outcome
- bacterial blight indexe0
- Value
- 3 of 5e0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Soft rot and bacterial blight index was 3 of 5 when plants were inoculated with P. carotovorum and X. campestris pv. carotae, respectively.”
t0“on carrot”
Claim · model-written summary
A. dauci inoculation gave a leaf blight or crown rot index of 4 of 5.
- Taxon
- carrotDaucus carotat0
- Treatment
- inoculation was with A. daucie0
- Interactor
- A. dauciAlternaria daucie0pathogen
- Outcome
- Leaf blight/crown rote0
- Value
- 4 of 5e0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Leaf blight/crown rot and root-rot indices were 4 of 5 when inoculation was with A. dauci, F. solani, and R. solani.”
t0“on carrot”
Claim · model-written summary
F. solani inoculation gave a root rot index of 4 of 5.
- Taxon
- carrotDaucus carotat0
- Treatment
- F. solanie0
- Interactor
- F. solani
_Sacc._5393379.jpg?width=60)
Fusarium solanie0pathogen - Outcome
- root-rot indicese0
- Value
- 4 of 5e0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_Sacc._5393379.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“Leaf blight/crown rot and root-rot indices were 4 of 5 when inoculation was with A. dauci, F. solani, and R. solani.”
t0“on carrot”
Claim · model-written summary
R. solani inoculation gave a root rot index of 4 of 5.
- Taxon
- carrotDaucus carotat0
- Treatment
- R. solanie0
- Interactor
- R. solaniRhizoctonia solanie0pathogen
- Outcome
- root-rot indicese0
- Value
- 4 of 5e0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Leaf blight/crown rot and root-rot indices were 4 of 5 when inoculation was with A. dauci, F. solani, and R. solani.”
t0“on carrot”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors suggest SiO2 NPs for control of carrot-infecting bacteria and fungi.
- Taxon
- carrotDaucus carotae0
- Treatment
- Application of SiO2 NPse0
- Outcome
- control of bacteria and fungi infecting carrote0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Application of SiO2 NPs could be useful for the control of bacteria and fungi infecting carrot.”
The same questions in other papers
Rhizoctonia solani · growth · Daucus carota (carrot)Positive and negative results
1 in the opposite direction
- positive
Alternaria dauci · disease · Daucus carota (carrot)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- negative
inoculation · physiology: pigments · Daucus carota (carrot)Positive and negative results
2 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- positive
- negative
- negative
application · physiology: pigments · Daucus carota (carrot)Positive and negative results
6 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- positive
- positive
4 papers more in this group
See all 8 papers →inoculation · disease · Daucus carota (carrot)Positive and negative results
10 papers in the same direction as this paper · 4 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
11 papers more in this group
See all 15 papers →inoculation · growth · Daucus carota (carrot)Positive and negative results
3 papers in the same direction as this paper · 16 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
16 papers more in this group
See all 20 papers →nanoparticle · physiology: pigments · Daucus carota (carrot)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
seed treatment · physiology: pigments · Daucus carota (carrot)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
8 of 10 groups shown: named compounds and organisms first, then groups whose results differ (checked claim by claim), then those with positive and negative results, then the smaller groups.
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.