Abstract
Effect of high temperature (HT) on anthocyanin (ANS) accumulation and its relationship with reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation in color rice kernel was investigated by using a black kernel mutant (9311bk) and its wildtype (WT). 9311bk showed strikingly higher ANS content in the kernel than WT. Just like the starch accumulation in rice kernels, ANS accumulation in the 9311bk kernel increased progressively along with kernel development, with the highest level of ANS at kernel maturity. HT exposure evidently decreased ANS accumulation in 9311bk kernel, but it increased ROS and MDA concentrations. The extent of HT-induced decline in kernel starch accumulation was genotype-dependent, which was much larger for WT than 9311bk. Under HT exposure, 9311bk had a relatively lower increase in ROS and MDA contents than its WT. This occurrence was just opposite to the genotype-dependent alteration in the activities of antioxidant enzymes (SOD, CAT and APX) in response to HT exposure, suggesting more efficiently ROS detoxification and relatively stronger heat tolerance for 9311bk than its WT. Hence, the extent of HT-induced declines in grain weight and kernel starch content was much smaller for 9311bk relative to its WT. HT exposure suppressed the transcripts of OsCHS, OsF3’H, OsDFR and OsANS and impaired the ANS biosynthesis in rice kernel, which was strongly responsible for HT-induced decline in the accumulation of ANS, C3G, and P3G in 9311bk kernels. These results could provide valuable information to cope with global warming and achieving high quality for color rice production.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
9311bk kernels had strikingly higher anthocyanin (ANS) content than wildtype (WT) kernels.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativat0 - Material
- 9311bke1
- Organ / stage
- kernele1
- Outcome
- ANS contente1
- Direction
- highere1
- Comparator
- WTe1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Black Kernel Mutant Rice”
e1“9311bk showed strikingly higher ANS content in the kernel than WT”
Claim · model-written summary
High temperature exposure evidently decreased ANS accumulation in 9311bk kernels.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Material
- 9311bke2
- Organ / stage
- kernele2
- Treatment
- HT exposuree2
- Outcome
- ANS accumulatione2
- Direction
- decreasede2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Black Kernel Mutant Rice”
e2“HT exposure evidently decreased ANS accumulation in 9311bk kernel”
Claim · model-written summary
High temperature exposure increased ROS and MDA concentrations in rice kernels.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- HT exposuree3
- Outcome
- ROS and MDA concentrationse3
- Direction
- increasede3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Black Kernel Mutant Rice”
e3“HT exposure evidently decreased ANS accumulation in 9311bk kernel, but it increased ROS and MDA concentrations”
Claim · model-written summary
The high-temperature decline in grain weight and kernel starch content was much smaller for 9311bk than for its wildtype.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Material
- 9311bke4
- Outcome
- HT-induced declines in grain weight and kernel starch contente4
- Direction
- much smallere4
- Comparator
- WTe4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Black Kernel Mutant Rice”
e4“the extent of HT-induced declines in grain weight and kernel starch content was much smaller for 9311bk relative to its WT”
Claim · model-written summary
Under high temperature, 9311bk had a relatively lower increase in ROS and MDA contents than its wildtype.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Material
- 9311bke5
- Treatment
- HT exposuree5
- Outcome
- increase in ROS and MDA contentse5
- Direction
- lowere5
- Comparator
- WTe5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Black Kernel Mutant Rice”
e5“Under HT exposure, 9311bk had a relatively lower increase in ROS and MDA contents than its WT”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors infer that 9311bk detoxifies ROS more efficiently and has stronger heat tolerance than WT, from genotype-dependent antioxidant enzyme changes under high temperature.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Material
- 9311bke6
- Treatment
- HT exposuree7
- Gene
- antioxidant enzymes (SOD, CAT and APX)e7
- Outcome
- ROS detoxificatione6
- Comparator
- WTe6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Black Kernel Mutant Rice”
e6“suggesting more efficiently ROS detoxification and relatively stronger heat tolerance for 9311bk than its WT”
e7“the genotype-dependent alteration in the activities of antioxidant enzymes (SOD, CAT and APX) in response to HT exposure”
Claim · model-written summary
High temperature exposure suppressed the transcripts of OsCHS, OsF3’H and OsDFR in rice kernels.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Organ / stage
- rice kernele1
- Treatment
- HT exposuree1
- Gene
- OsCHS, OsF3’H, OsDFRe1
- Outcome
- transcriptse1
- Direction
- suppressede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Black Kernel Mutant Rice”
e1“HT exposure suppressed the transcripts of OsCHS, OsF3’H, OsDFR and OsANS and impaired the ANS biosynthesis in rice kernel”
Claim · model-written summary
High temperature exposure suppressed the transcripts of OsANS in rice kernels.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Organ / stage
- rice kernele1
- Treatment
- HT exposuree1
- Gene
- OsANSe1
- Outcome
- transcriptse1
- Direction
- suppressede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Black Kernel Mutant Rice”
e1“HT exposure suppressed the transcripts of OsCHS, OsF3’H, OsDFR and OsANS and impaired the ANS biosynthesis in rice kernel”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors infer that impaired ANS biosynthesis in rice kernels was strongly responsible for the high-temperature decline in ANS, C3G and P3G accumulation in 9311bk kernels.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Material
- 9311bke1
- Organ / stage
- rice kernele1
- Outcome
- accumulation of ANS, C3G, and P3Ge1
- Qualifier
- impaired the ANS biosynthesise1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Black Kernel Mutant Rice”
e1“impaired the ANS biosynthesis in rice kernel, which was strongly responsible for HT-induced decline in the accumulation of ANS, C3G, and P3G in 9311bk kernels”
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