Abstract
The use of botanicals to control phytopathogens of crops is an alternative to the use of synthetic fungicides. The objective of this study was to evaluate the in vitro growth inhibitory effect of Phytolacca dodecandra extracts on Botrytis fabae and their in vivo efficacy to control chocolate spot disease of Vicia faba caused by it. Growth inhibitory effects were evaluated by applying different concentrations of aqueous, methanol or ethanol leaf extracts of P. dodecandra, or extraction solvents (control) by agar diffusion method. Disease incidence and severity were evaluated in vivo by spraying leaf extracts of P. dodecandra on V. fabae plant grown in the field soon after the detection of disease symptoms. All solvents’ extracts significantly reduced B. fabae mycelial growth compared to control, and growth reduction increased with increasing extract concentration. The aqueous extract performed better than methanol and ethanol. Results of field experiment also showed that disease incidence was reduced by at least two and three-fold when extracts and synthetic fungicides were applied, respectively. Similarly, disease severity was reduced by at least two-fold and six-fold when extracts and synthetic fungicides were applied, respectively. Application of extracts under field conditions also improved yield compared to the control. Hence, extracts of P. dodecandra are potential alternatives to synthetic fungicide to control the negative impacts of B. fabae.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Aqueous, methanol and ethanol extracts reduced B. fabae mycelial growth versus control.
- Taxon
- Vicia faba
Vicia fabat0 - Treatment
- extractse0
- Interactor
- B. fabae
Botrytis fabaee0pathogen - Outcome
- B. fabae mycelial growthe0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“All solvents’ extracts significantly reduced B. fabae mycelial growth compared to control, and growth reduction increased with increasing extract concentration.”
t0“Vicia faba”
Claim · model-written summary
Growth inhibition increased with extract concentration.
- Taxon
- Vicia fabaVicia fabat0
- Treatment
- extract concentratione0
- Outcome
- growth reductione0
- Direction
- increasede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“growth reduction increased with increasing extract concentration”
t0“Vicia faba”
Claim · model-written summary
Aqueous extract performed better than methanol and ethanol extracts.
- Taxon
- Vicia fabaVicia fabat0
- Treatment
- aqueous extracte0
- Outcome
- performed bettere0
- Direction
- bettere0
- Comparator
- methanol and ethanole0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The aqueous extract performed better than methanol and ethanol.”
t0“Vicia faba”
Claim · model-written summary
extracts reduced disease incidence by at least two-fold.
- Taxon
- Vicia fabaVicia fabat0
- Treatment
- extractse0
- Outcome
- disease incidencee0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- twoe0
- Setting
- field experimente0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Results of field experiment also showed that disease incidence was reduced by at least two and three-fold when extracts and synthetic fungicides were applied, respectively.”
t0“Vicia faba”
Claim · model-written summary
synthetic fungicides reduced disease incidence by at least three-fold.
- Taxon
- Vicia fabaVicia fabat0
- Treatment
- synthetic fungicidese0
- Outcome
- disease incidencee0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- three-folde0
- Setting
- field experimente0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Results of field experiment also showed that disease incidence was reduced by at least two and three-fold when extracts and synthetic fungicides were applied, respectively.”
t0“Vicia faba”
Claim · model-written summary
extracts reduced disease severity by at least two-fold.
- Taxon
- Vicia fabaVicia fabat0
- Treatment
- extractse0
- Outcome
- disease severitye0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- two-folde0
Not reportedComparatorSetting
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Similarly, disease severity was reduced by at least two-fold and six-fold when extracts and synthetic fungicides were applied, respectively.”
t0“Vicia faba”
Claim · model-written summary
synthetic fungicides reduced disease severity by at least six-fold.
- Taxon
- Vicia fabaVicia fabat0
- Treatment
- synthetic fungicidese0
- Outcome
- disease severitye0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- six-folde0
Not reportedComparatorSetting
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Similarly, disease severity was reduced by at least two-fold and six-fold when extracts and synthetic fungicides were applied, respectively.”
t0“Vicia faba”
Claim · model-written summary
Extract application improved field yield versus control.
- Taxon
- Vicia fabaVicia fabat0
- Treatment
- extractse0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Comparator
- controle0
- Setting
- field conditionse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Application of extracts under field conditions also improved yield compared to the control.”
t0“Vicia faba”
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See all 28 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.