Abstract
Mungbean is an important crop species cultivated in Southeast Asia and middle east regions where expanded salinity is a central point restricting plant development and yield profitability. In the present study, the impact of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) inoculation on improving biomass, plant resilience, nodulation, AM colonization, sporulation, yield, yield traits, nutrient concentration and uptake of mungbean under five salinity levels was investigated. The trial was laid in a factorial randomized completely block design with four replications. Five salinity treatments (0, 2, 4, 6 and 8 dS m−1) considered as the first factor and mycorrhizal inoculation as the second factor. The soil-based AM fungal inoculum containing 275 ± 20 spores along with colonized Sorghum bicolor root sections was applied to each mycorrhizal pot. The results demonstrated that mycorrhizal inoculation increased yield and other yield contributing traits of mungbean relative to non-mycorrhizal plants under saline conditions. The increased yield and yield traits might be associated with increased dry biomass, plant resilience, nodulation, colonization, nutrient concentration and uptake of mungbean under AM inoculation. Plant resilience was noteworthy in mycorrhizal plants (96.6%, 87.6%, 81.3%, and 74.7% treated with 2, 4, 6, and 8 dS m−1, respectively) than in non-mycorrhizal plants (92.4%, 76.9%, 68.2%, and 63.0%, respectively). The effect of AM inoculation was more conspicuous in soil with more salinity. Nutrient concentration increased in mungbean due to AM inoculation. At different salinity, the root biomass was also higher in AM inoculated mungbean, relative to non-inoculated plant. Eventually, nutrients uptake per plant increased by 21.4%, 26.0%, 20.1%, 20.2%, 23.7%, 22.9%, 32.4%, and 26.9% of N, P, K, S, Ca, Mg, B, and Zn, respectively, in mungbean due to AM inoculation relative to non-mycorrhizal plants. The plant dry biomass, nodulation, colonization, nutrient concentration, and uptake were increased by AM inoculation under saline and non-saline conditions leading to an improved yield of mungbean.
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Claims 17
Claim · model-written summary
Mycorrhizal inoculation increased mungbean yield and yield traits under saline conditions.
- Taxon
- Vigna radiata L.
.jpg?width=60)
Vigna radiatat0 - Treatment
- mycorrhizal inoculatione0
- Interactor
- mycorrhizale0symbiont
- Outcome
- yield and other yield contributing traitse0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- non-mycorrhizal plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“mycorrhizal inoculation increased yield and other yield contributing traits of mungbean relative to non-mycorrhizal plants under saline conditions”
t0“Vigna radiata L.”
Claim · model-written summary
Mycorrhizal plants had higher resilience than non-mycorrhizal plants at 2 dS m−1.
- Taxon
- Vigna radiata L.Vigna radiatat0
- Treatment
- mycorrhizal plantse0
- Interactor
- mycorrhizale0symbiont
- Outcome
- Plant resiliencee0
- Direction
- noteworthye0
- Value
- 96.6%e0
- Qualifier
- 92.4%e0
- Comparator
- non-mycorrhizal plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Plant resilience was noteworthy in mycorrhizal plants (96.6%, 87.6%, 81.3%, and 74.7% treated with 2, 4, 6, and 8 dS m−1, respectively) than in non-mycorrhizal plants (92.4%, 76.9%, 68.2%, and 63.0%, respectively)”
t0“Vigna radiata L.”
Claim · model-written summary
Mycorrhizal resilience at 4 dS m−1 was 87.6%, versus 76.9% without mycorrhizae.
- Taxon
- Vigna radiata L.Vigna radiatat0
- Treatment
- mycorrhizal plantse0
- Outcome
- Plant resiliencee0
- Value
- 87.6%e0
- Qualifier
- 76.9%e0
- Comparator
- non-mycorrhizal plantse0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Plant resilience was noteworthy in mycorrhizal plants (96.6%, 87.6%, 81.3%, and 74.7% treated with 2, 4, 6, and 8 dS m−1, respectively) than in non-mycorrhizal plants (92.4%, 76.9%, 68.2%, and 63.0%, respectively)”
t0“Vigna radiata L.”
Claim · model-written summary
Mycorrhizal resilience at 6 dS m−1 was 81.3%, versus 68.2% without mycorrhizae.
- Taxon
- Vigna radiata L.Vigna radiatat0
- Treatment
- mycorrhizal plantse0
- Outcome
- Plant resiliencee0
- Value
- 81.3%e0
- Qualifier
- 68.2%e0
- Comparator
- non-mycorrhizal plantse0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Plant resilience was noteworthy in mycorrhizal plants (96.6%, 87.6%, 81.3%, and 74.7% treated with 2, 4, 6, and 8 dS m−1, respectively) than in non-mycorrhizal plants (92.4%, 76.9%, 68.2%, and 63.0%, respectively)”
t0“Vigna radiata L.”
Claim · model-written summary
Mycorrhizal resilience at 8 dS m−1 was 74.7%, versus 63.0% without mycorrhizae.
- Taxon
- Vigna radiata L.Vigna radiatat0
- Treatment
- mycorrhizal plantse0
- Outcome
- Plant resiliencee0
- Value
- 74.7%e0
- Qualifier
- 63.0%e0
- Comparator
- non-mycorrhizal plantse0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Plant resilience was noteworthy in mycorrhizal plants (96.6%, 87.6%, 81.3%, and 74.7% treated with 2, 4, 6, and 8 dS m−1, respectively) than in non-mycorrhizal plants (92.4%, 76.9%, 68.2%, and 63.0%, respectively)”
t0“Vigna radiata L.”
Claim · model-written summary
The inoculation effect was greater in more saline soil.
- Taxon
- Vigna radiata L.Vigna radiatat0
- Treatment
- AM inoculatione0
- Outcome
- effect of AM inoculatione0
- Direction
- more conspicuouse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The effect of AM inoculation was more conspicuous in soil with more salinity”
t0“Vigna radiata L.”
Claim · model-written summary
Mycorrhizal inoculation increased mungbean nutrient concentration.
- Taxon
- Vigna radiata L.Vigna radiatat0
- Treatment
- AM inoculatione0
- Outcome
- Nutrient concentratione0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Nutrient concentration increased in mungbean due to AM inoculation”
t0“Vigna radiata L.”
Claim · model-written summary
Mycorrhizal inoculation increased mungbean root biomass at different salinities.
- Taxon
- Vigna radiata L.Vigna radiatat0
- Treatment
- AM inoculatede0
- Outcome
- root biomasse0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- non-inoculated plante0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“At different salinity, the root biomass was also higher in AM inoculated mungbean, relative to non-inoculated plant”
t0“Vigna radiata L.”
Claim · model-written summary
AM inoculation increased N uptake per mungbean plant by 21.4%.
- Taxon
- Vigna radiata L.Vigna radiatat0
- Treatment
- AM inoculatione0
- Outcome
- nutrients uptake per plante0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 21.4%e0
- Qualifier
- Ne0
- Comparator
- non-mycorrhizal plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“nutrients uptake per plant increased by 21.4%, 26.0%, 20.1%, 20.2%, 23.7%, 22.9%, 32.4%, and 26.9% of N, P, K, S, Ca, Mg, B, and Zn, respectively, in mungbean due to AM inoculation relative to non-mycorrhizal plants”
t0“Vigna radiata L.”
Claim · model-written summary
AM inoculation increased P uptake per mungbean plant by 26.0%.
- Taxon
- Vigna radiata L.Vigna radiatat0
- Treatment
- AM inoculatione0
- Outcome
- nutrients uptake per plante0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 26.0%e0
- Qualifier
- Pe0
- Comparator
- non-mycorrhizal plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“nutrients uptake per plant increased by 21.4%, 26.0%, 20.1%, 20.2%, 23.7%, 22.9%, 32.4%, and 26.9% of N, P, K, S, Ca, Mg, B, and Zn, respectively, in mungbean due to AM inoculation relative to non-mycorrhizal plants”
t0“Vigna radiata L.”
Claim · model-written summary
AM inoculation increased K uptake per mungbean plant by 20.1%.
- Taxon
- Vigna radiata L.Vigna radiatat0
- Treatment
- AM inoculatione0
- Outcome
- nutrients uptake per plante0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 20.1%e0
- Qualifier
- Ke0
- Comparator
- non-mycorrhizal plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“nutrients uptake per plant increased by 21.4%, 26.0%, 20.1%, 20.2%, 23.7%, 22.9%, 32.4%, and 26.9% of N, P, K, S, Ca, Mg, B, and Zn, respectively, in mungbean due to AM inoculation relative to non-mycorrhizal plants”
t0“Vigna radiata L.”
Claim · model-written summary
AM inoculation increased S uptake per mungbean plant by 20.2%.
- Taxon
- Vigna radiata L.Vigna radiatat0
- Treatment
- AM inoculatione0
- Outcome
- nutrients uptake per plante0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 20.2%e0
- Qualifier
- Se0
- Comparator
- non-mycorrhizal plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“nutrients uptake per plant increased by 21.4%, 26.0%, 20.1%, 20.2%, 23.7%, 22.9%, 32.4%, and 26.9% of N, P, K, S, Ca, Mg, B, and Zn, respectively, in mungbean due to AM inoculation relative to non-mycorrhizal plants”
t0“Vigna radiata L.”
Claim · model-written summary
AM inoculation increased Ca uptake per mungbean plant by 23.7%.
- Taxon
- Vigna radiata L.Vigna radiatat0
- Treatment
- AM inoculatione0
- Outcome
- nutrients uptake per plante0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 23.7%e0
- Qualifier
- Cae0
- Comparator
- non-mycorrhizal plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“nutrients uptake per plant increased by 21.4%, 26.0%, 20.1%, 20.2%, 23.7%, 22.9%, 32.4%, and 26.9% of N, P, K, S, Ca, Mg, B, and Zn, respectively, in mungbean due to AM inoculation relative to non-mycorrhizal plants”
t0“Vigna radiata L.”
Claim · model-written summary
AM inoculation increased Mg uptake per mungbean plant by 22.9%.
- Taxon
- Vigna radiata L.Vigna radiatat0
- Treatment
- AM inoculatione0
- Outcome
- nutrients uptake per plante0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 22.9%e0
- Qualifier
- Mge0
- Comparator
- non-mycorrhizal plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“nutrients uptake per plant increased by 21.4%, 26.0%, 20.1%, 20.2%, 23.7%, 22.9%, 32.4%, and 26.9% of N, P, K, S, Ca, Mg, B, and Zn, respectively, in mungbean due to AM inoculation relative to non-mycorrhizal plants”
t0“Vigna radiata L.”
Claim · model-written summary
AM inoculation increased B uptake per mungbean plant by 32.4%.
- Taxon
- Vigna radiata L.Vigna radiatat0
- Treatment
- AM inoculatione0
- Outcome
- nutrients uptake per plante0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 32.4%e0
- Qualifier
- Be0
- Comparator
- non-mycorrhizal plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“nutrients uptake per plant increased by 21.4%, 26.0%, 20.1%, 20.2%, 23.7%, 22.9%, 32.4%, and 26.9% of N, P, K, S, Ca, Mg, B, and Zn, respectively, in mungbean due to AM inoculation relative to non-mycorrhizal plants”
t0“Vigna radiata L.”
Claim · model-written summary
AM inoculation increased Zn uptake per mungbean plant by 26.9%.
- Taxon
- Vigna radiata L.Vigna radiatat0
- Treatment
- AM inoculatione0
- Outcome
- nutrients uptake per plante0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 26.9%e0
- Qualifier
- Zne0
- Comparator
- non-mycorrhizal plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“nutrients uptake per plant increased by 21.4%, 26.0%, 20.1%, 20.2%, 23.7%, 22.9%, 32.4%, and 26.9% of N, P, K, S, Ca, Mg, B, and Zn, respectively, in mungbean due to AM inoculation relative to non-mycorrhizal plants”
t0“Vigna radiata L.”
Claim · model-written summary
AM inoculation increased mungbean dry biomass, nodulation and colonization under saline and non-saline conditions.
- Taxon
- Vigna radiata L.Vigna radiatat0
- Treatment
- AM inoculatione0
- Outcome
- plant dry biomass, nodulation, colonizatione0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- under saline and non-saline conditionse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The plant dry biomass, nodulation, colonization, nutrient concentration, and uptake were increased by AM inoculation under saline and non-saline conditions leading to an improved yield of mungbean”
t0“Vigna radiata L.”
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