Abstract
Background: Mung bean is a pulse crop of economic significance, grown in Pakistan for its edible seeds. Its production is severely affected by Macrophomina phaseolina, a necrotrophic pathogen. This study was carried out to investigate the effect of different biocontrol fungi on expression of IPER gene in mung bean plants inoculated with M. phaseolina.Methods: Pot trials were carried out by adding different concentration of dry biomass of quinoa (DBQ) and six antagonistic fungi viz. Aspergillus flavipes, Aspergillus versicolor, Penicillium digitatum, Penicillium italicum, Trichoderma pseudokoningii and Trichoderma viride in M. phaseolina infected soils. After four weeks of germination of mung bean seeds, RNA was extracted from roots and leaves by using TRIzol method and cDNA was prepared by using SuperScriptTM IV First-Strand Synthesis Kit. IPER gene expression was studied on qRT-PCR and ACT was used as a housekeeping gene.Results: The expression of IPER gene was higher in positive control (only inoculated with M. phaseolina) than in negative control (no amendment). Moreover, 1 and 2% doses of DBQ showed slightly higher Ct values than in 3% dose where it was dropped down indicating the allelopathic stress of DBQ treated soils. The treatments either with sole application of antagonistic fungi or together with DBQ showed much higher Ct values indicating no stress at all.Conclusion: Plants only inoculated with M. phaseolina showed the highest disease incidence as compared to the negative control. The soils amended with DBQ and antagonistic fungi significantly alleviated the effect of M. phaseolina. The treatments with increased pathogen stress showed reduced Ct values and vice versa.Keywords: Biocontrol; IPER gene; Gene expression; Macrophomina phaseolina; Mung bean
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Claims 6
Claim · model-written summary
M. phaseolina inoculation raised mung bean IPER expression versus uninoculated control.
- Taxon
- mung bean
.jpg?width=60)
Vigna radiatat0 - Treatment
- only inoculated with M. phaseolinae0
- Interactor
- M. phaseolina
Macrophomina phaseolinae0pathogen - Gene
- IPERe0
- Outcome
- expression of IPER genee0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- negative controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“The expression of IPER gene was higher in positive control (only inoculated with M. phaseolina) than in negative control (no amendment).”
t0“mung bean”
Claim · model-written summary
One and two percent quinoa biomass produced slightly higher Ct values than three percent.
- Taxon
- mung beanVigna radiatat0
- Treatment
- 1 and 2% doses of DBQe0
- Outcome
- Ct valuese0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- 3% dosee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“1 and 2% doses of DBQ showed slightly higher Ct values than in 3% dose where it was dropped down”
t0“mung bean”
Claim · model-written summary
Antagonistic fungi alone or with quinoa biomass yielded much higher Ct values, interpreted as absence of stress.
- Taxon
- mung beanVigna radiatat0
- Treatment
- sole application of antagonistic fungi or together with DBQe0
- Outcome
- Ct valuese0
- Direction
- highere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The treatments either with sole application of antagonistic fungi or together with DBQ showed much higher Ct values indicating no stress at all.”
t0“mung bean”
Claim · model-written summary
M. phaseolina-only inoculation produced the highest mung bean disease incidence versus negative control.
- Taxon
- mung beanVigna radiatat0
- Treatment
- only inoculated with M. phaseolinae0
- Interactor
- M. phaseolinaMacrophomina phaseolinae0pathogen
- Outcome
- disease incidencee0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Comparator
- negative controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Plants only inoculated with M. phaseolina showed the highest disease incidence as compared to the negative control.”
t0“mung bean”
Claim · model-written summary
Quinoa biomass and antagonistic fungi significantly alleviated M. phaseolina effects.
- Taxon
- mung beanVigna radiatat0
- Treatment
- DBQ and antagonistic fungie0
- Interactor
- M. phaseolinaMacrophomina phaseolinae0pathogen
- Outcome
- effect of M. phaseolinae0
- Direction
- alleviatede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The soils amended with DBQ and antagonistic fungi significantly alleviated the effect of M. phaseolina.”
t0“mung bean”
Claim · model-written summary
Higher pathogen stress was associated with reduced Ct values.
- Taxon
- mung beanVigna radiatat0
- Treatment
- increased pathogen stresse0
- Outcome
- Ct valuese0
- Direction
- reducede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The treatments with increased pathogen stress showed reduced Ct values and vice versa.”
t0“mung bean”
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