Abstract
Background: Root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita is one of the most important genera of plant-parasitic nematodes on different crops, distributed all over the world and attacks threat of thousands of plant species. Objective: Comparison between silver nanoparticles, nematicides and silver nanoparticles in combination with nematicides against root knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita had been studied. Methodology: Evaluation depends on the results of silver nanoparticles, nematicides fenamiphos and oxamyl with different concentrations from 25-90% and different exposure periods from 24-72 h. Results: The results indicated that the highest concentration 90% achieved the highest percentage of juveniles mortality after 72 h, which were 95, 87, 98 and 100% for silver nanoparticles, polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), fenamiphos and oxamyl, respectively, while mortality of the control was 1.5%. The study included the malformed shape of juveniles, showed paralysis when treated with fenamiphos, oxamyl and PVP, while silver nano-particles showed degradation in cell wall under laboratory conditions. Evaluation included root of tomato seedlings and it showed positive effect for silver nanoparticles. The pathogen signs such as galls, egg-masses, developmental stages, rate of build up and nematode in 250 g soil had been studied. The combination of fenamiphos and silver nanoparticles (1:1) gave significant decrease in number of galls, egg-masses, developmental stages, rate of build up and number of nematode in soil. Evaluating growth parameters showed significant increase in root length which reached to (40 cm) in the combination of oxamyl and nanoparticles compared with the root length of infested tomato seedlings (18 cm) under greenhouse conditions. Conclusion: The results clarified the positive effect of silver nanoparticles alone and in combination with the nematicides on M. incognita and the enhancement on growth parameters of tomato seedlings. More research needs to determine the long run effect.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
silver nanoparticles produced 95% juvenile mortality at 90% after 72 h.
- Taxon
- Tomato Seedlings
Solanum lycopersicumt0 - Treatment
- silver nanoparticlese0
- Interactor
- juvenilese0pest
- Outcome
- juveniles mortalitye0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 95e0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Tomato Seedlings”
e0“The results indicated that the highest concentration 90% achieved the highest percentage of juveniles mortality after 72 h, which were 95, 87, 98 and 100% for silver nanoparticles, polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), fenamiphos and oxamyl, respectively, while mortality of the control was 1.5%.”
Claim · model-written summary
polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) produced 87% juvenile mortality at 90% after 72 h.
- Taxon
- Tomato SeedlingsSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP)e0
- Interactor
- juvenilese0pest
- Outcome
- juveniles mortalitye0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 87e0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Tomato Seedlings”
e0“The results indicated that the highest concentration 90% achieved the highest percentage of juveniles mortality after 72 h, which were 95, 87, 98 and 100% for silver nanoparticles, polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), fenamiphos and oxamyl, respectively, while mortality of the control was 1.5%.”
Claim · model-written summary
fenamiphos produced 98% juvenile mortality at 90% after 72 h.
- Taxon
- Tomato SeedlingsSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- fenamiphose0
- Interactor
- juvenilese0pest
- Outcome
- juveniles mortalitye0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 98e0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Tomato Seedlings”
e0“The results indicated that the highest concentration 90% achieved the highest percentage of juveniles mortality after 72 h, which were 95, 87, 98 and 100% for silver nanoparticles, polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), fenamiphos and oxamyl, respectively, while mortality of the control was 1.5%.”
Claim · model-written summary
oxamyl produced 100% juvenile mortality at 90% after 72 h.
- Taxon
- Tomato SeedlingsSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- oxamyle0
- Interactor
- juvenilese0pest
- Outcome
- juveniles mortalitye0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 100%e0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Tomato Seedlings”
e0“The results indicated that the highest concentration 90% achieved the highest percentage of juveniles mortality after 72 h, which were 95, 87, 98 and 100% for silver nanoparticles, polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), fenamiphos and oxamyl, respectively, while mortality of the control was 1.5%.”
Claim · model-written summary
Fenamiphos, oxamyl and PVP caused paralysis in juveniles.
- Taxon
- Tomato SeedlingsSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- fenamiphos, oxamyl and PVPe0
- Interactor
- juvenilese0pest
- Outcome
- paralysise0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Tomato Seedlings”
e0“The study included the malformed shape of juveniles, showed paralysis when treated with fenamiphos, oxamyl and PVP”
Claim · model-written summary
Silver nanoparticles caused juvenile cell wall degradation.
- Taxon
- Tomato SeedlingsSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- silver nano-particlese0
- Outcome
- degradation in cell walle0
- Setting
- laboratory conditionse0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Tomato Seedlings”
e0“silver nano-particles showed degradation in cell wall under laboratory conditions.”
Claim · model-written summary
Silver nanoparticles had a positive effect on tomato seedling roots.
- Taxon
- Tomato SeedlingsSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- silver nanoparticlese0
- Outcome
- root of tomato seedlingse0
- Direction
- positive effecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Tomato Seedlings”
e0“Evaluation included root of tomato seedlings and it showed positive effect for silver nanoparticles.”
Claim · model-written summary
The fenamiphos and silver nanoparticle combination reduced number of galls.
- Taxon
- Tomato SeedlingsSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- combination of fenamiphos and silver nanoparticles (1:1)e0
- Outcome
- number of gallse0
- Direction
- decreasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Tomato Seedlings”
e0“The combination of fenamiphos and silver nanoparticles (1:1) gave significant decrease in number of galls, egg-masses, developmental stages, rate of build up and number of nematode in soil.”
Claim · model-written summary
The fenamiphos and silver nanoparticle combination reduced egg-masses.
- Taxon
- Tomato SeedlingsSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- combination of fenamiphos and silver nanoparticles (1:1)e0
- Outcome
- egg-massese0
- Direction
- decreasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Tomato Seedlings”
e0“The combination of fenamiphos and silver nanoparticles (1:1) gave significant decrease in number of galls, egg-masses, developmental stages, rate of build up and number of nematode in soil.”
Claim · model-written summary
The fenamiphos and silver nanoparticle combination reduced developmental stages.
- Taxon
- Tomato SeedlingsSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- combination of fenamiphos and silver nanoparticles (1:1)e0
- Outcome
- developmental stagese0
- Direction
- decreasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Tomato Seedlings”
e0“The combination of fenamiphos and silver nanoparticles (1:1) gave significant decrease in number of galls, egg-masses, developmental stages, rate of build up and number of nematode in soil.”
Claim · model-written summary
The fenamiphos and silver nanoparticle combination reduced rate of build up.
- Taxon
- Tomato SeedlingsSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- combination of fenamiphos and silver nanoparticles (1:1)e0
- Outcome
- rate of build upe0
- Direction
- decreasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Tomato Seedlings”
e0“The combination of fenamiphos and silver nanoparticles (1:1) gave significant decrease in number of galls, egg-masses, developmental stages, rate of build up and number of nematode in soil.”
Claim · model-written summary
The fenamiphos and silver nanoparticle combination reduced number of nematode in soil.
- Taxon
- Tomato SeedlingsSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- combination of fenamiphos and silver nanoparticles (1:1)e0
- Outcome
- number of nematode in soile0
- Direction
- decreasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Tomato Seedlings”
e0“The combination of fenamiphos and silver nanoparticles (1:1) gave significant decrease in number of galls, egg-masses, developmental stages, rate of build up and number of nematode in soil.”
Claim · model-written summary
Oxamyl and nanoparticles increased root length to 40 cm versus 18 cm in infested controls.
- Taxon
- Tomato SeedlingsSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- combination of oxamyl and nanoparticlese0
- Outcome
- root lengthe0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Value
- 40 cme0
- Qualifier
- 18 cme0
- Comparator
- infested tomato seedlingse0
- Setting
- greenhouse conditionse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Tomato Seedlings”
e0“significant increase in root length which reached to (40 cm) in the combination of oxamyl and nanoparticles compared with the root length of infested tomato seedlings (18 cm) under greenhouse conditions.”
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See all 100 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.