Abstract
We recently reported the transcriptomic signature of salicylic acid (SA) and jasmonic acid (JA) biosynthetic and responsive genes in Arabidopsis thaliana plants infested with the herbivore Eurydema oleracea. We demonstrated that insect feeding causes induction of both SA- and JA-mediated signaling pathways. Using transgenic SA-deficient NahG plants, we also showed antagonistic cross-talk between these two phytohormones. To gain more insight into the roles of the SA and JA pathways in plant defenses against E. oleracea, we report here on the dynamics of SA and JA levels in the wild-type genotype Col-0 and the transgenic Arabidopsis NahG mutant that does not accumulate SA. We show that SA strongly accumulates in the wild-type plants after 24 h of herbivore infestation, while JA levels do not change significantly. On the contrary, in the infested NahG plants, SA levels were not affected by E. oleracea feeding, whereas JA levels which were constitutively higher than the wild-type did not significantly change after 6 hours of herbivore feeding. Accordingly, when the wild-type and the jar1-1 mutant (which fails to accumulate JA-Ile) Arabidopsis plants were challenged with E. oleracea in a two-choice arena, the insect fed preferentially on the jar1-1 plants over the wild-type. These data support the conclusion that E. oleracea infestation strongly induces the SA pathway in the wild-type, thus antagonizing JA-mediated plant defenses against herbivory, as a strategy to suppress plant immunity.
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Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
Herbivore infestation strongly increased salicylic acid in wild-type plants after 24 hours.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thaliana
Arabidopsis thalianat0 - Material
- wild-typee0
- Treatment
- herbivore infestatione0
- Interactor
- Eurydema oleracea
Eurydema oleraceat0herbivore - Outcome
- SAe0
- Direction
- strongly accumulatese0
- Qualifier
- after 24 he0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“SA strongly accumulates in the wild-type plants after 24 h of herbivore infestation, while JA levels do not change significantly.”
t0“Arabidopsis thaliana plants infested with the herbivore Eurydema oleracea.”
Claim · model-written summary
Jasmonic acid did not change significantly in infested wild-type plants.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianat0
- Material
- wild-typee0
- Treatment
- herbivore infestatione0
- Interactor
- Eurydema oleraceaEurydema oleraceat0herbivore
- Outcome
- JA levelse0
- Direction
- do not changee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“SA strongly accumulates in the wild-type plants after 24 h of herbivore infestation, while JA levels do not change significantly.”
t0“Arabidopsis thaliana plants infested with the herbivore Eurydema oleracea.”
Claim · model-written summary
Salicylic acid in NahG plants was unaffected by herbivore feeding.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Material
- NahGe0
- Treatment
- E. oleracea feedinge0
- Interactor
- E. oleraceaEurydema oleraceae0herbivore
- Outcome
- SA levelse0
- Direction
- not affectede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“in the infested NahG plants, SA levels were not affected by E. oleracea feeding”
t0“transgenic Arabidopsis NahG mutant that does not accumulate SA.”
Claim · model-written summary
Jasmonic acid levels were constitutively higher in NahG plants than wild type.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“JA levels which were constitutively higher than the wild-type”
t0“transgenic Arabidopsis NahG mutant that does not accumulate SA.”
Claim · model-written summary
Herbivore feeding for six hours did not significantly change jasmonic acid in NahG plants.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Material
- NahGt0
- Treatment
- herbivore feedinge0
- Interactor
- Eurydema oleraceaEurydema oleraceae1herbivore
- Outcome
- JA levelse0
- Direction
- did not significantly changee0
- Qualifier
- after 6 hourse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“JA levels which were constitutively higher than the wild-type did not significantly change after 6 hours of herbivore feeding.”
t0“transgenic Arabidopsis NahG mutant that does not accumulate SA.”
e1“Arabidopsis thaliana plants infested with the herbivore Eurydema oleracea.”
Claim · model-written summary
Eurydema preferred jar1-1 plants over wild type in a two-choice test.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Material
- jar1-1e0
- Interactor
- E. oleraceaEurydema oleraceat0herbivore
- Outcome
- insect fed preferentiallye0
- Comparator
- wild-typee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the insect fed preferentially on the jar1-1 plants over the wild-type.”
t0“Arabidopsis plants were challenged with E. oleracea in a two-choice arena”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors interpret induced salicylic acid signaling as antagonizing jasmonic acid-mediated defense against herbivory.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Interactor
- E. oleraceaEurydema oleraceae0herbivore
- Compound
- SAe0
- Outcome
- JA-mediated plant defenses against herbivorye0
- Qualifier
- thus antagonizinge0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“E. oleracea infestation strongly induces the SA pathway in the wild-type, thus antagonizing JA-mediated plant defenses against herbivory”
t0“Arabidopsis thaliana plants infested with the herbivore Eurydema oleracea.”
The same questions in other papers
infection · physiology: hormones · ArabidopsisResults agree
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