Abstract
Gene expression and phytohormone contents were measured in response to elevating ascorbate in the absence of other confounding stimuli such as high light and abiotic stresses. Young Arabidopsis plants were treated with 25 mM solutions of l-galactose pathway intermediates l-galactose (l-gal) or l-galactono-1,4-lactone (l-galL), as well as L-ascorbic acid (AsA), with 25 mM glucose used as control. Feeding increased rosette AsA 2- to 4-fold but there was little change in AsA biosynthetic gene transcripts. Of the ascorbate recycling genes, only Dehydroascorbate reductase 1 expression was increased. Some known regulatory genes displayed increased expression and included ANAC019, ANAC072, ATHB12, ZAT10 and ZAT12. Investigation of the ANAC019/ANAC072/ATHB12 gene regulatory network revealed a high proportion of ABA regulated genes. Measurement of a subset of jasmonate, ABA, auxin (IAA) and salicylic acid compounds revealed consistent increases in ABA (up to 4.2-fold) and phaseic acid (PA; up to 5-fold), and less consistently certain jasmonates, IAA, but no change in salicylic acid levels. Increased ABA is likely due to increased transcripts for the ABA biosynthetic gene NCED3. There were also smaller increases in transcripts for transcription factors ATHB7, ERD1, and ABF3. These results provide insights into how increasing AsA content can mediate increased abiotic stress tolerance.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
Feeding increased rosette ascorbate two- to fourfold.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis
Arabidopsise1 - Treatment
- l-galactose (l-gal) or l-galactono-1,4-lactone (l-galL), as well as L-ascorbic acid (AsA)e1
- Outcome
- rosette AsAe0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 2- to 4-folde0
- Comparator
- 25 mM glucosee1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Feeding increased rosette AsA 2- to 4-fold”
e1“Young Arabidopsis plants were treated with 25 mM solutions of l-galactose pathway intermediates l-galactose (l-gal) or l-galactono-1,4-lactone (l-galL), as well as L-ascorbic acid (AsA), with 25 mM glucose used as control.”
Claim · model-written summary
Ascorbate biosynthetic gene transcripts changed little after feeding.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsise2
- Treatment
- Feedinge1
- Outcome
- AsA biosynthetic gene transcriptse0
- Direction
- little changee0
- Comparator
- 25 mM glucosee3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“there was little change in AsA biosynthetic gene transcripts.”
e1“Feeding increased rosette AsA”
e2“Arabidopsis”
e3“25 mM glucose used as control”
Claim · model-written summary
Dehydroascorbate reductase 1 expression increased.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsise2
- Treatment
- Feedinge1
- Gene
- Dehydroascorbate reductase 1e0
- Outcome
- Dehydroascorbate reductase 1 expressione0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- 25 mM glucosee3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“only Dehydroascorbate reductase 1 expression was increased.”
e1“Feeding increased rosette AsA”
e2“Arabidopsis”
e3“25 mM glucose used as control”
Claim · model-written summary
ANAC019, ANAC072 and ATHB12 expression increased.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsise2
- Treatment
- Feedinge1
- Outcome
- ANAC019, ANAC072, ATHB12e0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- 25 mM glucosee3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Some known regulatory genes displayed increased expression and included ANAC019, ANAC072, ATHB12, ZAT10 and ZAT12.”
e1“Feeding increased rosette AsA”
e2“Arabidopsis”
e3“25 mM glucose used as control”
Claim · model-written summary
ZAT10 and ZAT12 expression increased.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsise2
- Treatment
- Feedinge1
- Outcome
- ZAT10 and ZAT12e0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- 25 mM glucosee3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Some known regulatory genes displayed increased expression and included ANAC019, ANAC072, ATHB12, ZAT10 and ZAT12.”
e1“Feeding increased rosette AsA”
e2“Arabidopsis”
e3“25 mM glucose used as control”
Claim · model-written summary
The ANAC019/ANAC072/ATHB12 network contained a high proportion of ABA-regulated genes.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsise1
- Gene
- ANAC019/ANAC072/ATHB12e0
- Outcome
- high proportion of ABA regulated genese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Investigation of the ANAC019/ANAC072/ATHB12 gene regulatory network revealed a high proportion of ABA regulated genes.”
e1“Arabidopsis”
Claim · model-written summary
ABA increased up to 4.2-fold.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsise2
- Treatment
- Feedinge1
- Outcome
- ABAe0
- Direction
- increasese0
- Value
- up to 4.2-folde0
- Comparator
- 25 mM glucosee3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“consistent increases in ABA (up to 4.2-fold)”
e1“Feeding increased rosette AsA”
e2“Arabidopsis”
e3“25 mM glucose used as control”
Claim · model-written summary
Phaseic acid increased up to fivefold.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsise3
- Treatment
- Feedinge2
- Outcome
- phaseic acide0
- Direction
- increasese1
- Value
- up to 5-folde0
- Comparator
- 25 mM glucosee4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“phaseic acid (PA; up to 5-fold)”
e1“consistent increases in ABA (up to 4.2-fold) and phaseic acid (PA; up to 5-fold)”
e2“Feeding increased rosette AsA”
e3“Arabidopsis”
e4“25 mM glucose used as control”
Claim · model-written summary
Certain jasmonates increased less consistently.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsise3
- Treatment
- Feedinge2
- Outcome
- certain jasmonatese0
- Direction
- increasese1
- Qualifier
- less consistentlye0
- Comparator
- 25 mM glucosee4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“less consistently certain jasmonates, IAA”
e1“consistent increases in ABA (up to 4.2-fold) and phaseic acid (PA; up to 5-fold), and less consistently certain jasmonates, IAA”
e2“Feeding increased rosette AsA”
e3“Arabidopsis”
e4“25 mM glucose used as control”
Claim · model-written summary
IAA increased less consistently.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsise3
- Treatment
- Feedinge2
- Outcome
- IAAe0
- Direction
- increasese1
- Qualifier
- less consistentlye0
- Comparator
- 25 mM glucosee4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“less consistently certain jasmonates, IAA”
e1“consistent increases in ABA (up to 4.2-fold) and phaseic acid (PA; up to 5-fold), and less consistently certain jasmonates, IAA”
e2“Feeding increased rosette AsA”
e3“Arabidopsis”
e4“25 mM glucose used as control”
Claim · model-written summary
Salicylic acid levels did not change.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsise2
- Treatment
- Feedinge1
- Outcome
- salicylic acid levelse0
- Direction
- no changee0
- Comparator
- 25 mM glucosee3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“no change in salicylic acid levels.”
e1“Feeding increased rosette AsA”
e2“Arabidopsis”
e3“25 mM glucose used as control”
Claim · model-written summary
NCED3 transcript increase was proposed to explain higher ABA.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsise1
- Gene
- NCED3e0
- Outcome
- Increased ABAe0
- Direction
- Increasede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Increased ABA is likely due to increased transcripts for the ABA biosynthetic gene NCED3.”
e1“Arabidopsis”
Claim · model-written summary
ATHB7, ERD1 and ABF3 transcripts showed smaller increases.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsise2
- Treatment
- Feedinge1
- Outcome
- transcripts for transcription factors ATHB7, ERD1, and ABF3e0
- Direction
- increasese0
- Comparator
- 25 mM glucosee3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“There were also smaller increases in transcripts for transcription factors ATHB7, ERD1, and ABF3.”
e1“Feeding increased rosette AsA”
e2“Arabidopsis”
e3“25 mM glucose used as control”
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