Abstract
Certain amounts of inducers, i.e Salicylic acid, Oxalic acid, and yeast extract as biocontrol agent as well as the fungicide Aquacid, used as foliar spray treatments proved to be effective in reducing downy mildew severity (DS) caused by ( P s e u d o p e r o n o s p o r a c u b e n sis ) on cucumber plants under greenhouse and field condition. In vitro , the tested fungicide, resistance inducing chemicals (RIC) and biocontrol agent highly inhibited sporangial germination of P . cubensis fungus compared with the control, Aquacid fungicide and the biocontrol agent were more effective on sporangial germination than chemicals RIC. Under greenhouse condition, severity of downy mildew disease decreased, significantly. Some Plant growth parameters i.e Plant length and fresh weight were significantly increased when the fungicide and RIC were applied as compared with the control. In field experiments, foliar application with fungicide Aquacid (2.5g/L) as a comparison treatment, Salicylic acid, Oxalic acid, and the yeast extract in concern, significantly reduced the disease severity of downy mildew with the averages of 7.25, 25.43, 30.0 and 16.40 %, respectively compared with untreated plants in the first season 2016 and the same trend was cleared in the second season 2017 with the averages of 6.50, 24.15, 25.45and 13.33%, respectively. Moreover, all exercised treatments significantly increased all of the studied growth parameters, i.e. plant length, leaves number, number of flowers, fresh and dry weight/plant. The treatments showed remarkable increase physiological aspects (Peroxidase activity and total phenol content) and similar reduction in disease severity of downy mildew revealing the most superior positively correlation with both peroxidase activity and total phenol content.
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Claims 20
Claim · model-written summary
Salicylic acid reduced downy mildew severity in cucumbers.
- Taxon
- CUCUMBER PLANTS
Cucumis sativust0 - Interactor
- P s e u d o p e r o n o s p o r a c u b e n sise0pathogen
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“CUCUMBER PLANTS”
e0“Certain amounts of inducers, i.e Salicylic acid, Oxalic acid, and yeast extract as biocontrol agent as well as the fungicide Aquacid, used as foliar spray treatments proved to be effective in reducing downy mildew severity (DS) caused by ( P s e u d o p e r o n o s p o r a c u b e n sis ) on cucumber plants under greenhouse and field condition”
e1“In field experiments, foliar application with fungicide Aquacid (2.5g/L) as a comparison treatment, Salicylic acid, Oxalic acid, and the yeast extract in concern, significantly reduced the disease severity of downy mildew with the averages of 7.25, 25.43, 30.0 and 16.40 %, respectively compared with untreated plants in the first season 2016 and the same trend was cleared in the second season 2017 with the averages of 6.50, 24.15, 25.45and 13.33%, respectively.”
Claim · model-written summary
Oxalic acid reduced downy mildew severity in cucumbers.
- Taxon
- CUCUMBER PLANTSCucumis sativust0
- Interactor
- P s e u d o p e r o n o s p o r a c u b e n sise0pathogen
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“CUCUMBER PLANTS”
e0“Certain amounts of inducers, i.e Salicylic acid, Oxalic acid, and yeast extract as biocontrol agent as well as the fungicide Aquacid, used as foliar spray treatments proved to be effective in reducing downy mildew severity (DS) caused by ( P s e u d o p e r o n o s p o r a c u b e n sis ) on cucumber plants under greenhouse and field condition”
e1“In field experiments, foliar application with fungicide Aquacid (2.5g/L) as a comparison treatment, Salicylic acid, Oxalic acid, and the yeast extract in concern, significantly reduced the disease severity of downy mildew with the averages of 7.25, 25.43, 30.0 and 16.40 %, respectively compared with untreated plants in the first season 2016 and the same trend was cleared in the second season 2017 with the averages of 6.50, 24.15, 25.45and 13.33%, respectively.”
Claim · model-written summary
yeast extract reduced downy mildew severity in cucumbers.
- Taxon
- CUCUMBER PLANTSCucumis sativust0
- Interactor
- P s e u d o p e r o n o s p o r a c u b e n sise0pathogen
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“CUCUMBER PLANTS”
e0“Certain amounts of inducers, i.e Salicylic acid, Oxalic acid, and yeast extract as biocontrol agent as well as the fungicide Aquacid, used as foliar spray treatments proved to be effective in reducing downy mildew severity (DS) caused by ( P s e u d o p e r o n o s p o r a c u b e n sis ) on cucumber plants under greenhouse and field condition”
e1“In field experiments, foliar application with fungicide Aquacid (2.5g/L) as a comparison treatment, Salicylic acid, Oxalic acid, and the yeast extract in concern, significantly reduced the disease severity of downy mildew with the averages of 7.25, 25.43, 30.0 and 16.40 %, respectively compared with untreated plants in the first season 2016 and the same trend was cleared in the second season 2017 with the averages of 6.50, 24.15, 25.45and 13.33%, respectively.”
Claim · model-written summary
Aquacid reduced downy mildew severity in cucumbers.
- Taxon
- CUCUMBER PLANTSCucumis sativust0
- Interactor
- P s e u d o p e r o n o s p o r a c u b e n sise0pathogen
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“CUCUMBER PLANTS”
e0“Certain amounts of inducers, i.e Salicylic acid, Oxalic acid, and yeast extract as biocontrol agent as well as the fungicide Aquacid, used as foliar spray treatments proved to be effective in reducing downy mildew severity (DS) caused by ( P s e u d o p e r o n o s p o r a c u b e n sis ) on cucumber plants under greenhouse and field condition”
e1“In field experiments, foliar application with fungicide Aquacid (2.5g/L) as a comparison treatment, Salicylic acid, Oxalic acid, and the yeast extract in concern, significantly reduced the disease severity of downy mildew with the averages of 7.25, 25.43, 30.0 and 16.40 %, respectively compared with untreated plants in the first season 2016 and the same trend was cleared in the second season 2017 with the averages of 6.50, 24.15, 25.45and 13.33%, respectively.”
Claim · model-written summary
Tested agents inhibited P. cubensis sporangial germination in vitro.
- Taxon
- CUCUMBER PLANTSCucumis sativust0
- Interactor
- P . cubensise0pathogen
- Setting
- In vitroe0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“CUCUMBER PLANTS”
e0“In vitro , the tested fungicide, resistance inducing chemicals (RIC) and biocontrol agent highly inhibited sporangial germination of P . cubensis fungus compared with the control”
e1“In field experiments, foliar application with fungicide Aquacid (2.5g/L) as a comparison treatment, Salicylic acid, Oxalic acid, and the yeast extract in concern, significantly reduced the disease severity of downy mildew with the averages of 7.25, 25.43, 30.0 and 16.40 %, respectively compared with untreated plants in the first season 2016 and the same trend was cleared in the second season 2017 with the averages of 6.50, 24.15, 25.45and 13.33%, respectively.”
Claim · model-written summary
Aquacid and biocontrol agent inhibited sporangial germination more than resistance inducing chemicals.
- Taxon
- CUCUMBER PLANTSCucumis sativust0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“CUCUMBER PLANTS”
e0“Aquacid fungicide and the biocontrol agent were more effective on sporangial germination than chemicals RIC”
e1“In field experiments, foliar application with fungicide Aquacid (2.5g/L) as a comparison treatment, Salicylic acid, Oxalic acid, and the yeast extract in concern, significantly reduced the disease severity of downy mildew with the averages of 7.25, 25.43, 30.0 and 16.40 %, respectively compared with untreated plants in the first season 2016 and the same trend was cleared in the second season 2017 with the averages of 6.50, 24.15, 25.45and 13.33%, respectively.”
Claim · model-written summary
Greenhouse downy mildew severity significantly decreased.
- Taxon
- CUCUMBER PLANTSCucumis sativust0
- Setting
- greenhouse conditione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“CUCUMBER PLANTS”
e0“Under greenhouse condition, severity of downy mildew disease decreased, significantly”
e1“In field experiments, foliar application with fungicide Aquacid (2.5g/L) as a comparison treatment, Salicylic acid, Oxalic acid, and the yeast extract in concern, significantly reduced the disease severity of downy mildew with the averages of 7.25, 25.43, 30.0 and 16.40 %, respectively compared with untreated plants in the first season 2016 and the same trend was cleared in the second season 2017 with the averages of 6.50, 24.15, 25.45and 13.33%, respectively.”
Claim · model-written summary
Fungicide and resistance inducing chemicals increased plant length and fresh weight.
- Taxon
- CUCUMBER PLANTSCucumis sativust0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“CUCUMBER PLANTS”
e0“Plant length and fresh weight were significantly increased when the fungicide and RIC were applied as compared with the control”
e1“In field experiments, foliar application with fungicide Aquacid (2.5g/L) as a comparison treatment, Salicylic acid, Oxalic acid, and the yeast extract in concern, significantly reduced the disease severity of downy mildew with the averages of 7.25, 25.43, 30.0 and 16.40 %, respectively compared with untreated plants in the first season 2016 and the same trend was cleared in the second season 2017 with the averages of 6.50, 24.15, 25.45and 13.33%, respectively.”
Claim · model-written summary
fungicide Aquacid (2.5g/L) gave 7.25 downy mildew severity in the 2016 field season.
- Taxon
- CUCUMBER PLANTSCucumis sativust0
- Value
- 7.25e0
- Setting
- field experimentse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“CUCUMBER PLANTS”
e0“In field experiments, foliar application with fungicide Aquacid (2.5g/L) as a comparison treatment, Salicylic acid, Oxalic acid, and the yeast extract in concern, significantly reduced the disease severity of downy mildew with the averages of 7.25, 25.43, 30.0 and 16.40 %, respectively”
e1“In field experiments, foliar application with fungicide Aquacid (2.5g/L) as a comparison treatment, Salicylic acid, Oxalic acid, and the yeast extract in concern, significantly reduced the disease severity of downy mildew with the averages of 7.25, 25.43, 30.0 and 16.40 %, respectively compared with untreated plants in the first season 2016 and the same trend was cleared in the second season 2017 with the averages of 6.50, 24.15, 25.45and 13.33%, respectively.”
Claim · model-written summary
Salicylic acid gave 25.43 downy mildew severity in the 2016 field season.
- Taxon
- CUCUMBER PLANTSCucumis sativust0
- Value
- 25.43e0
- Setting
- field experimentse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“CUCUMBER PLANTS”
e0“In field experiments, foliar application with fungicide Aquacid (2.5g/L) as a comparison treatment, Salicylic acid, Oxalic acid, and the yeast extract in concern, significantly reduced the disease severity of downy mildew with the averages of 7.25, 25.43, 30.0 and 16.40 %, respectively”
e1“In field experiments, foliar application with fungicide Aquacid (2.5g/L) as a comparison treatment, Salicylic acid, Oxalic acid, and the yeast extract in concern, significantly reduced the disease severity of downy mildew with the averages of 7.25, 25.43, 30.0 and 16.40 %, respectively compared with untreated plants in the first season 2016 and the same trend was cleared in the second season 2017 with the averages of 6.50, 24.15, 25.45and 13.33%, respectively.”
Claim · model-written summary
Oxalic acid gave 30.0 downy mildew severity in the 2016 field season.
- Taxon
- CUCUMBER PLANTSCucumis sativust0
- Value
- 30.0e0
- Setting
- field experimentse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“CUCUMBER PLANTS”
e0“In field experiments, foliar application with fungicide Aquacid (2.5g/L) as a comparison treatment, Salicylic acid, Oxalic acid, and the yeast extract in concern, significantly reduced the disease severity of downy mildew with the averages of 7.25, 25.43, 30.0 and 16.40 %, respectively”
e1“In field experiments, foliar application with fungicide Aquacid (2.5g/L) as a comparison treatment, Salicylic acid, Oxalic acid, and the yeast extract in concern, significantly reduced the disease severity of downy mildew with the averages of 7.25, 25.43, 30.0 and 16.40 %, respectively compared with untreated plants in the first season 2016 and the same trend was cleared in the second season 2017 with the averages of 6.50, 24.15, 25.45and 13.33%, respectively.”
Claim · model-written summary
yeast extract gave 16.40 % downy mildew severity in the 2016 field season.
- Taxon
- CUCUMBER PLANTSCucumis sativust0
- Value
- 16.40 %e0
- Setting
- field experimentse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“CUCUMBER PLANTS”
e0“In field experiments, foliar application with fungicide Aquacid (2.5g/L) as a comparison treatment, Salicylic acid, Oxalic acid, and the yeast extract in concern, significantly reduced the disease severity of downy mildew with the averages of 7.25, 25.43, 30.0 and 16.40 %, respectively”
e1“In field experiments, foliar application with fungicide Aquacid (2.5g/L) as a comparison treatment, Salicylic acid, Oxalic acid, and the yeast extract in concern, significantly reduced the disease severity of downy mildew with the averages of 7.25, 25.43, 30.0 and 16.40 %, respectively compared with untreated plants in the first season 2016 and the same trend was cleared in the second season 2017 with the averages of 6.50, 24.15, 25.45and 13.33%, respectively.”
Claim · model-written summary
Aquacid gave 6.50 downy mildew severity in the 2017 field season.
- Taxon
- CUCUMBER PLANTSCucumis sativust0
- Value
- 6.50e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“CUCUMBER PLANTS”
e0“the same trend was cleared in the second season 2017 with the averages of 6.50, 24.15, 25.45and 13.33%, respectively”
e1“In field experiments, foliar application with fungicide Aquacid (2.5g/L) as a comparison treatment, Salicylic acid, Oxalic acid, and the yeast extract in concern, significantly reduced the disease severity of downy mildew with the averages of 7.25, 25.43, 30.0 and 16.40 %, respectively compared with untreated plants in the first season 2016 and the same trend was cleared in the second season 2017 with the averages of 6.50, 24.15, 25.45and 13.33%, respectively.”
Claim · model-written summary
Salicylic acid gave 24.15 downy mildew severity in the 2017 field season.
- Taxon
- CUCUMBER PLANTSCucumis sativust0
- Value
- 24.15e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“CUCUMBER PLANTS”
e0“the same trend was cleared in the second season 2017 with the averages of 6.50, 24.15, 25.45and 13.33%, respectively”
e1“In field experiments, foliar application with fungicide Aquacid (2.5g/L) as a comparison treatment, Salicylic acid, Oxalic acid, and the yeast extract in concern, significantly reduced the disease severity of downy mildew with the averages of 7.25, 25.43, 30.0 and 16.40 %, respectively compared with untreated plants in the first season 2016 and the same trend was cleared in the second season 2017 with the averages of 6.50, 24.15, 25.45and 13.33%, respectively.”
Claim · model-written summary
Oxalic acid gave 25.45 downy mildew severity in the 2017 field season.
- Taxon
- CUCUMBER PLANTSCucumis sativust0
- Value
- 25.45e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“CUCUMBER PLANTS”
e0“the same trend was cleared in the second season 2017 with the averages of 6.50, 24.15, 25.45and 13.33%, respectively”
e1“In field experiments, foliar application with fungicide Aquacid (2.5g/L) as a comparison treatment, Salicylic acid, Oxalic acid, and the yeast extract in concern, significantly reduced the disease severity of downy mildew with the averages of 7.25, 25.43, 30.0 and 16.40 %, respectively compared with untreated plants in the first season 2016 and the same trend was cleared in the second season 2017 with the averages of 6.50, 24.15, 25.45and 13.33%, respectively.”
Claim · model-written summary
yeast extract gave 13.33% downy mildew severity in the 2017 field season.
- Taxon
- CUCUMBER PLANTSCucumis sativust0
- Value
- 13.33%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“CUCUMBER PLANTS”
e0“the same trend was cleared in the second season 2017 with the averages of 6.50, 24.15, 25.45and 13.33%, respectively”
e1“In field experiments, foliar application with fungicide Aquacid (2.5g/L) as a comparison treatment, Salicylic acid, Oxalic acid, and the yeast extract in concern, significantly reduced the disease severity of downy mildew with the averages of 7.25, 25.43, 30.0 and 16.40 %, respectively compared with untreated plants in the first season 2016 and the same trend was cleared in the second season 2017 with the averages of 6.50, 24.15, 25.45and 13.33%, respectively.”
Claim · model-written summary
Treatments increased plant length, leaf number and flower number.
- Taxon
- CUCUMBER PLANTSCucumis sativust0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“CUCUMBER PLANTS”
e0“all exercised treatments significantly increased all of the studied growth parameters, i.e. plant length, leaves number, number of flowers, fresh and dry weight/plant”
e1“In field experiments, foliar application with fungicide Aquacid (2.5g/L) as a comparison treatment, Salicylic acid, Oxalic acid, and the yeast extract in concern, significantly reduced the disease severity of downy mildew with the averages of 7.25, 25.43, 30.0 and 16.40 %, respectively compared with untreated plants in the first season 2016 and the same trend was cleared in the second season 2017 with the averages of 6.50, 24.15, 25.45and 13.33%, respectively.”
Claim · model-written summary
Treatments increased plant fresh and dry weight.
- Taxon
- CUCUMBER PLANTSCucumis sativust0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“CUCUMBER PLANTS”
e0“all exercised treatments significantly increased all of the studied growth parameters, i.e. plant length, leaves number, number of flowers, fresh and dry weight/plant”
e1“In field experiments, foliar application with fungicide Aquacid (2.5g/L) as a comparison treatment, Salicylic acid, Oxalic acid, and the yeast extract in concern, significantly reduced the disease severity of downy mildew with the averages of 7.25, 25.43, 30.0 and 16.40 %, respectively compared with untreated plants in the first season 2016 and the same trend was cleared in the second season 2017 with the averages of 6.50, 24.15, 25.45and 13.33%, respectively.”
Claim · model-written summary
Treatments increased peroxidase activity and total phenol content.
- Taxon
- CUCUMBER PLANTSCucumis sativust0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“CUCUMBER PLANTS”
e0“The treatments showed remarkable increase physiological aspects (Peroxidase activity and total phenol content)”
e1“In field experiments, foliar application with fungicide Aquacid (2.5g/L) as a comparison treatment, Salicylic acid, Oxalic acid, and the yeast extract in concern, significantly reduced the disease severity of downy mildew with the averages of 7.25, 25.43, 30.0 and 16.40 %, respectively compared with untreated plants in the first season 2016 and the same trend was cleared in the second season 2017 with the averages of 6.50, 24.15, 25.45and 13.33%, respectively.”
Claim · model-written summary
Peroxidase activity and total phenol content correlated positively with lower downy mildew severity.
- Taxon
- CUCUMBER PLANTSCucumis sativust0
- Compound
- total phenol contente0
- Outcome
- disease severity of downy mildewe0
- Direction
- reductione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“CUCUMBER PLANTS”
e0“similar reduction in disease severity of downy mildew revealing the most superior positively correlation with both peroxidase activity and total phenol content”
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