Abstract
Abstract Selecting more water‐efficient wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) varieties that are suited to no seasonal irrigation is an important way to improve water use efficiency (WUE) in the North China Plain (NCP). The goal of this study was to assess the yield and WUE of wheat, maize ( Zea mays L.), and rotation, and to determine the traits of high‐WUE wheat varieties and clarify the mechanism for increasing WUE. Experiments were conducted during the 2012–2016 seasons using 10 common winter wheat varieties under no seasonal irrigation (W0) or two irrigation events (W2, irrigation at jointing and anthesis). No seasonal irrigation treatment decreased wheat and rotation yield, and improved maize yield and WUE of maize and rotation. No seasonal irrigation treatment decreased 150‐mm irrigation amount, reduced soil water content in 0–2‐m soil depth at wheat maturity and 1–2‐m depth after maize harvest, and extended the maize grain filling stage. Compared with the wheat genotype with the lowest WUE (‘Nongda 211’), under W0 condition, the genotype with the highest WUE, ‘Nongda 5133,’ could improve rotation yield and WUE by 10.7 and 10.9%, respectively. The WUE of wheat had a strong positive association with yield across the genotypes. High‐WUE varieties had a higher leaf area index at anthesis and higher late‐season photosynthesis rate and/or delayed canopy senescence under W0. This study indicated that W0 in wheat growing season could improve maize yield, narrow the rotation yield gap with W2 treatment, and improve wheat and rotation WUE by combining with high‐WUE wheat varieties.
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Claims 15
Claim · model-written summary
No seasonal wheat irrigation decreased wheat yield.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivume0 - Treatment
- No seasonal irrigation treatmente0
- Outcome
- rotation yielde0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“No seasonal irrigation treatment decreased wheat and rotation yield, and improved maize yield and WUE of maize and rotation”
Claim · model-written summary
No seasonal wheat irrigation decreased rotation yield.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- No seasonal irrigation treatmente0
- Outcome
- rotation yielde0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“No seasonal irrigation treatment decreased wheat and rotation yield, and improved maize yield and WUE of maize and rotation”
Claim · model-written summary
No seasonal wheat irrigation improved maize yield.
Zea maysNot reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“No seasonal irrigation treatment decreased wheat and rotation yield, and improved maize yield and WUE of maize and rotation”
Claim · model-written summary
No seasonal wheat irrigation improved WUE of maize.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“No seasonal irrigation treatment decreased wheat and rotation yield, and improved maize yield and WUE of maize and rotation”
Claim · model-written summary
No seasonal wheat irrigation improved WUE of rotation.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- No seasonal irrigation treatmente0
- Outcome
- rotation yielde0
- Direction
- improvede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“No seasonal irrigation treatment decreased wheat and rotation yield, and improved maize yield and WUE of maize and rotation”
Claim · model-written summary
No seasonal irrigation reduced soil water content at wheat maturity.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Organ / stage
- wheat maturitye0
- Treatment
- No seasonal irrigation treatmente0
- Outcome
- soil water contente0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Qualifier
- 0–2‐m soil depthe0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“No seasonal irrigation treatment decreased 150‐mm irrigation amount, reduced soil water content in 0–2‐m soil depth at wheat maturity and 1–2‐m depth after maize harvest, and extended the maize grain filling stage”
Claim · model-written summary
No seasonal irrigation reduced soil water content after maize harvest.
- Organ / stage
- maize harveste0
- Treatment
- No seasonal irrigation treatmente0
- Outcome
- soil water contente0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Qualifier
- 1–2‐m depthe0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“No seasonal irrigation treatment decreased 150‐mm irrigation amount, reduced soil water content in 0–2‐m soil depth at wheat maturity and 1–2‐m depth after maize harvest, and extended the maize grain filling stage”
Claim · model-written summary
No seasonal wheat irrigation extended maize grain filling.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“No seasonal irrigation treatment decreased 150‐mm irrigation amount, reduced soil water content in 0–2‐m soil depth at wheat maturity and 1–2‐m depth after maize harvest, and extended the maize grain filling stage”
Claim · model-written summary
Under W0, Nongda 5133 improved rotation yield by 10.7% versus Nongda 211.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Material
- Nongda 5133e0
- Treatment
- W0e0
- Outcome
- rotation yielde0
- Direction
- improvee0
- Value
- 10.7e0
- Qualifier
- under W0 conditione0
- Comparator
- Nongda 211e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Compared with the wheat genotype with the lowest WUE (‘Nongda 211’), under W0 condition, the genotype with the highest WUE, ‘Nongda 5133,’ could improve rotation yield and WUE by 10.7 and 10.9%, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Under W0, Nongda 5133 improved rotation WUE by 10.9% versus Nongda 211.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Material
- Nongda 5133e0
- Treatment
- W0e0
- Outcome
- WUEe0
- Direction
- improvee0
- Value
- 10.9%e0
- Qualifier
- under W0 conditione0
- Comparator
- Nongda 211e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Compared with the wheat genotype with the lowest WUE (‘Nongda 211’), under W0 condition, the genotype with the highest WUE, ‘Nongda 5133,’ could improve rotation yield and WUE by 10.7 and 10.9%, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Wheat WUE was strongly positively associated with yield across genotypes.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Material
- genotypese0
- Outcome
- WUE of wheate0
- Direction
- positivee0
- Comparator
- yielde0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The WUE of wheat had a strong positive association with yield across the genotypes”
Claim · model-written summary
High-WUE wheat varieties had higher leaf area index at anthesis under W0.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Material
- High‐WUE varietiese0
- Organ / stage
- anthesise0
- Treatment
- W0e0
- Outcome
- leaf area indexe0
- Direction
- highere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“High‐WUE varieties had a higher leaf area index at anthesis and higher late‐season photosynthesis rate and/or delayed canopy senescence under W0”
t0“wheat traits”
Claim · model-written summary
High-WUE wheat varieties had higher late-season photosynthesis rate under W0.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Material
- High‐WUE varietiese0
- Treatment
- W0e0
- Outcome
- late‐season photosynthesis ratee0
- Direction
- highere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“High‐WUE varieties had a higher leaf area index at anthesis and higher late‐season photosynthesis rate and/or delayed canopy senescence under W0”
t0“wheat traits”
Claim · model-written summary
High-WUE wheat varieties had delayed canopy senescence under W0.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Material
- High‐WUE varietiese0
- Treatment
- W0e0
- Outcome
- canopy senescencee0
- Direction
- delayede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“High‐WUE varieties had a higher leaf area index at anthesis and higher late‐season photosynthesis rate and/or delayed canopy senescence under W0”
t0“wheat traits”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors conclude that pairing W0 with high-WUE wheat varieties could improve wheat and rotation WUE.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Material
- high‐WUE wheat varietiese0
- Outcome
- improve wheat and rotation WUEe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“improve wheat and rotation WUE by combining with high‐WUE wheat varieties”
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