Abstract
Frequent waterlogging near anthesis is a primary constraint for wheat production in the Yangtze River Basin, China. This study aimed to identify the critical stage for waterlogging on wheat yield and its components and identify the possible factors determining this stage. In the first experiment (E1), we evaluated three varieties and initiated a 10-day waterlogging starting at the stem elongation (S1), booting (S2), and anthesis (S3) stages. In the second experiment (E2), waterlogging was applied at the stem elongation (S1) and anthesis (S3) stages and for three durations (five, 10, and 15 days). In E1, waterlogging at S1 and S2 resulted in a lower grain yield than at S3. In the second year of E1, grain yield under waterlogging at S1 and S3 was similar but significantly lower than under waterlogging conditions at S2. Waterlogging at S1 and S2 greatly decreased the kernel number per spike and 1000-kernel weight, but waterlogging at S3 only decreased the 1000-kernel weight. Moreover, different varieties did not change the stages mostly reducing grain yield and yield components. In E2, grain yield decreased with prolonged exposure to waterlogging and was significantly lower under 15-day conditions than the five-day conditions. There was no significant interaction between the stage and duration of waterlogging. Finally, our results indicate that in yield formation, a greater reliance on kernel weight instead of the kernel number per spike can contribute to a reduction in yield loss for waterlogging at S1 and S2. This study, therefore, indicates that the stem elongation stage is the most affected by waterlogging.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
In E1, waterlogging at S1 and S2 yielded less grain than at S3.
- Taxon
- Wheat
Triticum aestivumt0 - Treatment
- waterlogging at S1 and S2e0
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Comparator
- at S3e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In E1, waterlogging at S1 and S2 resulted in a lower grain yield than at S3”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
In the second E1 year, grain yield at S1 and S3 was similar and below S2.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- waterlogging at S1 and S3e0
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Qualifier
- In the second year of E1e0
- Comparator
- waterlogging conditions at S2e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In the second year of E1, grain yield under waterlogging at S1 and S3 was similar but significantly lower than under waterlogging conditions at S2”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Waterlogging at S1 and S2 decreased kernel number per spike and 1000-kernel weight.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Waterlogging at S1 and S2e0
- Outcome
- kernel number per spike and 1000-kernel weighte0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Waterlogging at S1 and S2 greatly decreased the kernel number per spike and 1000-kernel weight”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Waterlogging at S3 decreased 1000-kernel weight.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- waterlogging at S3e0
- Outcome
- 1000-kernel weighte0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“waterlogging at S3 only decreased the 1000-kernel weight”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Varieties did not change which stages reduced grain yield and yield components most.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Material
- different varietiese0
- Outcome
- stages mostly reducing grain yield and yield componentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“different varieties did not change the stages mostly reducing grain yield and yield components”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Longer waterlogging exposure decreased grain yield.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- prolonged exposure to waterlogginge0
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In E2, grain yield decreased with prolonged exposure to waterlogging”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Grain yield was lower after 15 days than after five days of waterlogging.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- 15-day conditionse0
- Outcome
- grain yielde1
- Direction
- lowere0
- Comparator
- five-day conditionse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“significantly lower under 15-day conditions than the five-day conditions”
e1“grain yield decreased with prolonged exposure to waterlogging”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Stage and duration of waterlogging showed no significant interaction.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- duration of waterlogginge0
- Outcome
- interaction between the stage and duration of waterlogginge0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“There was no significant interaction between the stage and duration of waterlogging”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors infer greater reliance on kernel weight could reduce yield loss at S1 and S2.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- waterlogging at S1 and S2e0
- Outcome
- reduction in yield losse0
- Qualifier
- greater reliance on kernel weight instead of the kernel number per spikee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“a greater reliance on kernel weight instead of the kernel number per spike can contribute to a reduction in yield loss for waterlogging at S1 and S2”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Stem elongation was identified as the stage most affected by waterlogging.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Organ / stage
- stem elongation stagee0
- Outcome
- most affected by waterlogginge0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the stem elongation stage is the most affected by waterlogging”
t0“Wheat”
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